Abrahamian, Ervand. 1993. Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Revolution, Berekely: University of California Press.

Afkhami, Mahnaz. 1994. In the Eye of the Storm: Women in Post-revolutionary Iran, New York: Syracuse University Press.

Afary, Janet. 1997. Feminism and Fundamentalism in New Left Review, no. 224, pp: 89-111.

__________. 1996. The Iranian Constitutional Revolution, 1906-1911: Grassroots Democracy, Social Democracy, and the Origins of Feminism, Columbia: Columbia University Press.

Alexander, Jefferey and Philip Smith. 1993. The Discourse of American Civil Society: A New Proposal for Cultural Studies in Theory and Society 22: 151-207.

Alexander, Jefferey. 1990. Civil Society I, II, III: Constructing an Empirical concept from Normative Controversies and Historical Transformations.

_______________. 1994. The Paradoxes of Civil Society in Social Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Occasional Paper 16.

Almond, Gabriel and James Coleman, eds. 1960. The Politics of the Developing Areas, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Apter, David. 1972. Ghana in Transition. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Ahmida, Ali. 1997. Civil Society in the Middle East Critique, 1997

Baran, Lee Paul. The Political Economy of Growth, New York: Monthly Review Press, 1962.

Binder, Leonard. Factors influencing Iran’s International Role, Santa Monica: RAND corporation, October 1969.

Cohen, Jean and Andrew Arato. 1995. Civil Society and Political Theory. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Crystal, Jill. 1994. Authoritarianism and Its Adversaries in the Arab World. World Politics, 1994.

Eisenstadt, S.N. "The Changing Vision of Modernization and Development," in Wilbur Schramm and David Lerner, eds, Communication and Change: The Last Ten Years and the Next, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1976.

Esfandiari, Haleh. 1997. Reconstructed Lives: Women & Iran’s Islamic Revolution. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.

Geertz, Clifford. 1968. Islam Observed. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Habermas, Jurgen. 1968. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, trans. Thomas Burger and Fredrick Lawrence. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Hunington, Samuel P. "The Change to Change," in Comparative Politics, April 1971: 3.

Issawi, Charles. "The Iranian Economy 1925-1975: "Fifty years of Economic Development ," in George Lenczowski, ed., Iran under the Pahlavis. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1978.

Keddie, Nikkie R. 1995. Iran and the Muslim World: Resistance and Revolution, New York: New York University.

Khomeini, Ruhollah. 1971. Resaleh Touzie-olmasael [The book of Religious instructions]. Qom: Ganjaneh Publication.

Lerner, Daniel. 1958. The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press.

Moghadam, Valentine M. 1998. Women, Work, and Economic Reform in the Middle East and North Africa, Boulder (Colorado): Lynne Reinner Publishers, pp. 153-177.

____________________. 1994. Identity Politics and Women: Cultural Reassertions and Feminisms in International Perspective, Boulder (Colorado): Westview Press.

Moghissi, Haideh. 1994. Populism and Feminism in Iran, New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Motahari, Morteza. 1978. Nezam Hoghough Zan Dar Islam [The System of Women’s Rights in Islam] Qom: Sadra Publication.

Najmabadi, Afsaneh. 1995. Salhaye- Osrat, Salhaye Royesh in Kankash, no. 12, fall 1374 (Persian year). [in Persian]

________________. 1998. Feminism in an Islamic Republic: Years of Hardship, Years of Growth in Gender, Islam and Social Change ed. By Yvonne Y Haddad & John Esposito, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Nakanishi, Hisae. 1994. Creating the "Ideal" Women and Reconstructing "Islamic" Women: Ideology, Power, and Women’s Consciousness in Post-Revolutionary Iran, University of California, Los Angeles: A Dissertation completed in History.

Pateman, Carole. 1988. The Sexual Contract. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Paidar, Parvin. 1995. Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-century Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Said, Edward W. 1978. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books Press.

Shils, Edward, "The Concentration and Dispersion of Charisma-Their bearing on Economic Policy in Underdeveloped Areas," in World Politics, 1958-59, Vol 2.

Smith, Tony. 1979. "The Underdevelopment of Development Literature: The Core of Dependency Theory," in World Politics, January 1979.

Sadowsky, Yahya. 1993. The new Orientalism and the Democracy Debate in Middle East Report. (1993), no 183:4.

Talatoff, Kamran. 1997. Iranian Women’s Literature: From Pre-Revolutioanry Social Discourse to Post-Revolutionary Feminism in International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 29 (1997), pp. 531-558.

Tohidi, Nayereh. 1996. Feminism, Democracy and Islamism in Iran. Los Angeles: Ketabsara Publishing. [in Persian].

Young, Iris Marion.1990. Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Zanan: Women’s monthly journal. Published in Tehran, Iran. (years of publication: 1991- present). [in Persian]

Adineh: Social, cultural, religious and artistic bimonthly journal. (1997: 121 & 122: pp. 13-29). [in Persian]

International Iran Times: An Independent Newspaper For Iranians Around the World. May 9, 1997. [in Persian and English].