Income Differences Among 31 Ethnic Groups in Los Angeles (Treiman and Lee 1996) Ratio of Adjusted Group Mean to Overall Mean, with three different adjustments: (1) Observed group mean, no adjustment; (2) Controlling for Human Capital; (3) Controlling for Human Capital and Job Characteristics. (1) (2) (3) Ethnic Group .97 .96 .96 Asian Origin 1.20 1.01 .99 Asian Indian .64 .82 .95 Cambodian 1.02 .95 .94 Chinese .76 .82 .87 Filipino 1.28 1.23 1.14 Japanese 1.03 1.01 .98 Korean .72 .89 .94 Vietnamese .82 .90 .92 Other Asian .56 .89 .92 Latin American Origin .88 1.04 1.01 Cuban .40 .78 .82 Guatemalan .55 .91 .93 Mexican .53 .81 .83 Nicaraguan .79 .95 1.00 Puerto Rican .39 .77 .81 Salvadoran .77 .91 .93 South American .57 .86 .90 Other Central American .63 .83 .88 Other Hispanic 1.28 1.10 1.07 European Origin 1.37 1.10 1.08 English 1.25 1.12 1.07 German 1.26 1.16 1.11 Italian 1.43 1.13 1.08 Polish 1.93 1.25 1.19 Russian 1.22 1.08 1.06 Other European 1.20 1.09 1.04 Middle Eastern Origin 1.15 1.08 1.03 Armenian 1.19 1.06 1.00 Iranian 1.24 1.13 1.07 Other M. E., N. African .76 .75 .85 African Origin .76 .74 .85 U.S. Blacks .73 .84 .89 West Indian .78 .81 .87 Other foreign-born Blacks .80 .81 .87 American Indian .79 .89 .91 Other SOURCE: Table 3.4, "Decomposition of Ethnic Group Differences in Mean Income," page 57, of: Donald J. Treiman and Hye-Kyung Lee 1996. "Income Differences Among 31 Ethnic Groups in Los Angeles." Ch. 3, pp. 37-82, in: James N. Baron, David B. Grusky, and Donald J. Treiman, eds. 1996. Social Differentiation and Social Inequality: Essays in Honor of John Pock. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. The data are for some 163,000 males ages 20-64 in the Los Angeles metropolitan area (Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura Counties) in the 5% Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) from the 1990 U. S. Census.