Political Science 240A -- Introduction to Comparative
Politics
University of California, Los Angeles
Political Science 240A
Spring 1999, Mr. Lofchie
Purpose
Political Science 240A is a one quarter, optional,
"gateway" course whose purpose is to provide interested graduate students with a
survey of a selection of the ideas and approaches that have been important in the field of
comparative politics. Its intention is, therefore, to be comprehensive rather than
narrowly focussed. The goal of this course is to help familiarize graduate students with
the range of theories and methodologies that, both historically and today, have comprised
the sub-discipline of comparative politics.
Course Objective
In recent years, there has been a paradigmatic shift in the field of
comparative politics. Increasingly, our sub-discipline has moved away from its classic
intellectual moorings in sociological models of politics (social groups and classes and
their effects), cultural emphases (political values and their effects) and the
organization of formal institutions. In place of these emphases, there has been a
heightened interest in economic models of political decision-making, game-theoretic
approaches, and formal mathematical modeling of political processes. To a large degree,
this paradigmatic shift has eroded the boundary between comparative politics and other
sub-fields. One aim of this class is to help convey to graduate students a sense of the
magnitude and content of this shift.
The objective of Political Science 240A is not a nostalgic
retrospective, "top hits of the 50s and 60s." Nor is it critical condescension
-- why do once seemingly powerful ideas lose their grasp on the profession's esteem?
Our purpose will be to gain a more fully nuanced appraisal of the sweeping
intellectual movement that has occurred and which can be expected to influence the next
generation of academic research.
Mechanics
The course will meet once per week, on Thursdays from 9-12 in Bunche
Hall 4280. Students will present reports on the literature on assigned topics.
Required Readings
Each student is expected to purchase the class "reader." This
"reader", which is a two volume anthology of major selections in comparative
politics, is available at Westwood Copies, which is located at 1001 Gayley Avenue in
Westwood. (Take the southbound campus shuttle to The Coffee Bean.)
Work Requirements
Each student in the class will have two work requirements. The first
will be a brief presentation and written report (4-6pp.) on one of the topics we
consider early in the class. The second will be a longer (15-18 pp.)
presentation and report.
Mr. Lofchie's office hours are Tuesdays, from 10-12 in Bunche Hall
3274, and by appointment. He can be reached at (82)5- 3574, and via e-mail at mike@ucla.edu
Week 1. Thursday, April 8.
Introduction to Political Science 240A
Course purposes, first assignments and mechanics.
Week 2. Thursday, April 15
Democratic Theory I. Theories of Democratic Origination
(Why Do Democracies Originate?)
A. Class Origins of Democracy
Barrington Moore, Social Origins of Democracy and
Dictatorship (Boston: Beacon Press, 1966), Chapter Seven, "The
Democratic Route to Modern Society", and Chapter One, "England
and the Contributions of Violence to Gradualism."
Theda Skocpol, "A Critical Review of Barrington Moore's Social
Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy." in Politics and Society, Vol. 4, No.
1, Fall 1973, pp. 1-34.
Suggested Reading
Barrington Moore, Jr. Social Origins of Democracy and Dictatorship.
Graduate students who have not already read Moore's book should probably plan to do so. ]
C. B. Macpherson, The Real World of Democracy (Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1966).
B. Democracy as the Product of Sequenced Crises
Sidney Verba, "Sequences and Development," Chapter 8
of Leonard Binder, et. al, Crises and Sequences in Political Development
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971), Ch. 8,
C. Democracy as Product of Immigrant Values ("Fragment
Society")
Louis Hartz, ed., The Founding of New Societies (New York:
Harcourt, Brace & World, 1964), Ch. 1, "The Fragmentation of
European Culture and Ideology."
Suggested Reading
Louis Hartz, The Liberal Tradition in America: An Interpretation of
American Political Thought Since the Revolution (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co.
1955).
Oscar Handlin, The Uprooted (New York: Grosset & Dunlap,
1951). Esp. chs 1 and 8.
Week 3. Thursday, April 22.
Democratic Theory II. Theories of Democratic Persistence.
(Why Do Democracies Persist?)
A. Appropriate Cultural Values
Gabriel Almond, The Civic Culture: Attitudes and Democracy in Five
Nations (Boston: Little Brown, 1963),Ch. 1, "An Approach to Political Culture and
Ch. XIII, "The Civic Culture and Democratic Stability."
Harry Eckstein, Division and Cohesion in Democracy: A Study
of Norway (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966), appendix
B, "A Theory of Stable Democracy."
Suggested Reading
Lucien Pye, "Introduction: Political Culture and Political
Development" in Lucien Pye & Sidney Verba, eds., Political Culture and
Political Development (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965).
Gabriel Almond, The Civic Culture Revisited: An Analytic Study
(Boston: Little Brown, 1980).
Brian Barry, Sociologists, Economists and Democracy (Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1978), ch. III, "Values and Stable Democracy: Three
Theories."
Harry Eckstein, "A Culturalist Theory of Political Change,"
in American Political Science Review, Volume 82, No. 3, September 1988, pp. 789-
804.
Francis Fukuyama, Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of
Prosperity (New York: The Free Press, 1995).
Lucien W. Pye and Sidney Verba, eds, Political Culture and Political
Development (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965).
Laurence Wylie, Village in the Vaucluse, (Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1957).
B. Democracy as the Product of Appropriate Institutions (two hours)
1. Do Institutions Matter?
James C. March & Johan P. Olsen, "The New
Institutionalism"
excerpt from their article "The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in
Political Life" in American Political Science Review, Vol. 778, No. 3, Sept.
1984, pp. 734-749.
Suggested Reading
Carl J. Friedrich, Constitutional Government and Democracy
(Boston: Ginn & Co.,1950).
James G. March Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis
of Politics (New York: Free Press, 1989).
2. Parliamentary vs. Presidential Systems.
The Price-Laski Debate.
Don K. Price, "The Parliamentary and Presidential Systems," in Public
Administration Review, Vol III, No. 4 (Autumn 1943), pp. 317-334.
Harold J. Laski, "The Parliamentary and Presidential
Systems," in Public Administration Review, Vol. IV, No. 4 (Autumn 1944), pp.
347-359.
Don K. Price, "A Response to Mr. Laski," ibid., pp. 360-363.
Suggested Reading
G. Bingham Powell, Jr. "Government Performance/Executive
Stability", Ch. 7 of Contemporary Democracies (Cambridge [Ma.]:
Harvard University Press, 1982).
Arend Lijphart, ed, Parliamentary Versus Presidential Government
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992).
3. Electoral Arrangements/Party Systems.
Harry Eckstein, "The Impact of Electoral Systems on Representative
Government" [From Harry Eckstein and David Apter, eds, Comparative Politics: A
Reader (New York: The Press, 1963), pp. 247-254.]
F. A. Hermens, "The Dynamics of Proportional Representation,"
from Harry Eckstein and David Apter, eds, Comparative Politics: A Reader (New York:
The Free Press, 1963), pp. 254-280.
G Bingham Powell, "Party Systems and Election Outcomes", ch.
5 of Contemporary Democracies.
Suggested Reading
Ferdinand A. Hermens, Democracy or Anarchy? A Study of Proportional
Representation (Notre Dame, Ind., The Review of Politics, University of Notre Dame,
1941).
Maurice Duverger, "The Influence of the Electoral System on
Political Life," in International Social Science Bulletin (Summer
1951), pp. 314-352.
Maurice Duverger, Political Parties, Their Organization and Activity
in the Modern State (New York: Wiley, 1963).
Colin Leys, "Models, Theories and the Theory of Political
Parties," in Eckstein and Apter, eds, Comparative Politics, pp. 305-315.
Enid Lakeman and James D. Lambert, "Voting in Democracies,"
in Eckstein and Apter, eds, Comparative Politics, pp. 281-305.
Week 4. Thursday, April 29.
Democratic Theory III. Theories of Persistence (Why do
democracies persist?)
C. Democracy as the Product of Political Pluralism
David B. Truman, The Governmental Process (New York: Knopf,
1971).
Earl Latham, "The Group Basis of Politics: Notes for a
Theory," The American Political Science Review, Vol. XLVI, June
1952, pp. 376-397.
Suggested Reading
Arthur Fisher Bentley, The Process of Government (Bloomington
[Ind.]: Principia Press, 1949).
Harry Eckstein, Pressure Group Politics: The Case of the
British Medical Association (London: Allen & Unwin, 1960).
Oliver Garceau, The Political Life of the American Medical
Association (Hamden [Conn.]: Archon Books, 1961).
Peter Odegard, Pressure Politics: The Story of the Anti-Saloon
League (New York: Octagon Books, 1966).
Edward C. Banfield, Political Influence (Glencoe: Free
Press, 1961).
Geffrey Alderman, Pressure Groups and Government in Great
Britain (Harlow, Essex [England]: Longman, 1984).
Henry Ehrmann, ed, Interest Groups on Four Continents
(Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958).
Suzanne Berger, Organizing Interests in Western Europe
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981).
D. Democratic Pluralism as the Product of "Civil
Society."
Robert D. Putnam, Making Democracy Work (Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1993).
Crawford Young, "In Search of Civil Society." in John
W. Harbeson et. al. eds., Civil Society and the State in Africa (Boulder: Lynne
Rienner, 1994). .
Suggested Reading
John W. Harbeson, "Civil Society and Political Renaissance
in Africa" in John W. Harbeson et. al. eds., Civil Society and the State in Africa
(Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1994).
Sidney Tarrow, "Making Social Science Work Across Space and Time:
A Critical Reflection on Robert Putnam's Making Democracy Work" in American
Political Science Review, Vol. 90, No. 2, June 1996, pp. 389-393.
Adam B. Seligman, The Idea of Civil Society (Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1992).
E. Democracy as the Product of Rational Choice
Ronald Rogowski, Rational Legitimacy: A Theory of Political Support
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974).
Suggested Reading
George Tsebelis, Nested Games: Rational Choice in Comparative Politics
(Berkeley: University of California, 1990).
Week 5. Thursday, May 6.
Democratic Theory IV. Theories of Persistence
F. Democracy as the Product of Socio-Economic Modernization
Lucian Pye, Aspects of Political Development (Boston: Little
Brown, 1966).
Seymour Martin Lipset, "Some Social Requisites of Democracy:
Economic Development and Political Legitimacy," in American Political Science
Review, Vol. 53, 1959.
Suggested Reading
Seymour M. Lipset, Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985) or
David M. Potter, People of Plenty (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1954).
Irma Adelman, Economic Growth and Social Equity in Developing
Countries (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1973).
G. Democracy in Culturally Plural Societies
Arend Lijphart, Democracy in Plural Societies (New Haven: Yale
University Press, 1977).
Suggested Reading
Leo Kuper, "Plural Societies: Perspectives and Problems" from
Leo Kuper and M. G. Smith, eds., Pluralism in Africa (Berkeley and Los Angeles:
University of California Press, 1968).
Arend Lijphart, The Politics of Accommodation: Pluralism and
Democracy in the Netherlands (Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1968).
Arend Lijphart, Conflict and Coexistence in Belgium (Berkeley:
Institute of International Studies, 1981).
Jurg Steiner, "Consociational Theory and Beyond" in Comparative
Politics, Vol. 13, April 1981.
Leo Kuper & M. G. Smith, Pluralism in Africa (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1969).
M. G. Smith, The Plural Society in the British West Indies
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974).
Crawford Young, The Politics of Cultural Pluralism (Madison:
University of Wisconsin, 1976).
Kenneth D. McRae, Conflict and Compromise in Multilingual Societies
(Waterloo [Canada]: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1983).
Kenneth D. McRae, ed, Consociational Democracy: Political
Accommodation in Segmented Societies ( McClelland and Stewart,
1974.)
J. S. Furnivall, Colonial Policy and Practice: A Comparative Study
of Burma and Netherlands India (Cambridge: University Press, 1948).
Pierre van den Berghe, Race and Ethnicity: Essays in Comparative
Sociology (New York: Basic Books, 1970).
Alvin Rabushka and Kenneth A. Shepsle, Politics in Plural Societies:
A Theory of Democratic Instability (Columbus [Ohio]: Charles E. Merrill, 1972).
H. Democracy as Intra-Elite Politics
Peter Bachrach, The Theory of Democratic Elitism (Boston: Little
Brown, 1967).
Suggested Reading
Christopher Lasch, The Revolt of the Elites and the Betrayal of
Democracy (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1995).
E. E. Schattschneider, The Semisovereign People: A Realist's View of
Democracy in America (Hinsdale [Ill.]: Dryden Press, 1975)
Week 6. Thursday, May 13.
Non-Democratic Forms and Processes
A. The Erosion of Social Pluralism?
Robert D. Putnam, "Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social
Capital" in Journal of Democracy (January, 1995), pp. 65-78.
William Kornhauser, The Politics of Mass Society (Glencoe: The
Free Press, 1959).
Suggested Reading
Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (New York:
Harcourt Brace, 1951), Ch. 10, "A Classless Society.")
Jose Ortega Y Gasset, The Revolt of the Masses (New York: W. W.
Norton & Co. 1932).
C. Wright Mills, White Collar (London: Oxford University
Press, 1951).
Jean Bethke Elshtain, Democracy on Trial (New York: Basic
Books, 1995).
John H. Schaar, Escape From Authority (New York: Basic Books,
1961).
B. Totalitarianism
J. L. Talmon, The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy (New York:
Praeger Publishers, 1960).
Carl J. Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski, Totalitarian Dictatorship
and Autocracy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956).
Suggested Reading
Zbigniew Brzezinski, "Totalitarianism and Rationality"
in The American Political Science Review, September 1956, pp.751-763.
Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (New York:
Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1951). Esp. Ch 12, "Totalitarianism in Power."
Carl J. Friedrich, ed, Totalitarianism (Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1954).
Zbigniew K. Brzezinski, The Permanent Purge (Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1956).
Barrington Moore, Jr., Terror and Progress: USSR (Cambridge:
Harvard University Press, 1954).
J. L. Talmon, The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy (New York:
Frederick A. Praeger, 1960).
Sigmund Neumann, Permanent Revolution: Totalitarianism in the Age of
International Civil War (New York: Praeger, 1965). 2nd ed.
C. Personal Rule/Dictatorship
Robert H. Jackson and Carl G. Rosberg, Personal Rule: Prince,
Autocrat, Prophet, Tyrant (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982).
Suggested Reading
Sidney Hook, The Hero in History (Boston: Beacon Press,
1955).
Alan Bullock, Hitler: A Study in Tyranny (New York: Harper &
Row, 1964).
Daniel Chirot, Modern Tyrants: The Power and Prevalence of Evil in
Our Age (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996).
Hans Kohn, Revolutions and Dictatorships: Essays in Contemporary
History (Cambridge [MA]: Harvard University Press, 1939.
Alfred Cobban, Dictatorship: Its History and Theory (New York:
Scribener, 1939).
Norman L. Stamps, Why Democracies Fail: A Critical Evaluation of the
Causes for Modern Dictatorship (Notre Dame [Ind.]: University of Notre Dame, 1957).
Ryszard Kapuscinski, The Emperor: Downfall of An Aristocrat (San
Diego and New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1978).
Guy Stanton Ford, ed., Dictatorship in the Modern World
(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1939).
Raymond Leslie Buell, New Governments in Europe: The Trend Toward
Dictatorship (New York: T Nelson & Sons, 1934).
George W. F. Hallgarten, Why Dictators? The Causes and Forms of
Tyrannical Rule Since 600 B.C. (New York: Macmillan, 1954).
Clinton L. Rossiter, Constitutional Dictatorship: Crisis Government
in the Modern Democracies (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1948).
Week 7. Thursday, May 20.
Non Democratic Forms and Processes (continued)
D. Military Rule
Samuel Finer, The Man on Horseback (New York: Praeger, 1962)
Harold D. Lasswell, "The Garrison State," in The American
Journal of Sociology, Vol. 96, January 1941, pp. 455-468.
Suggested Reading
Samuel Huntington, The Soldier and the State (Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1957).
Samuel Huntington, ed, Changing Patterns of Military Politics
(New York: The Free Press, 1962)
Edward Shils, "The Military in the Political Life of the New
States" in John Johnson, ed, The Role of the Military in Underdeveloped Countries
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1962), pp. 7-67.
Amos Perlmutter et. al., The Political Influence of the Military (New
Haven: Yale University Press, 1979).
John J. Johnson, ed, The Role of the Military in Underdeveloped
Countries (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1962).
E. Elitism
C. Wright Mills, The Power Elite (New York: Oxford University
Press, 1959).
Gaetano Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York and London: McGraw
Hill, 1939).
Suggested Reading
Robert A. Dahl, Polyarchy (New Haven: Yale University Press,
1971).
William G. Domhoff, Who Really Rules? New Haven and Transaction
Books, 1978).
William G. Domhoff, The Higher Circles: The Governing Class in
America (New York: Vintage Books, 1971).
Robert Michels, Political Parties (New York: Dover Publications,
1959).
F. The Party State
Milovan Djilas, "The Party State," pp. 70-102 of The New
Class (New York: Frederick Praeger, 1958).
Suggested Reading
Samuel P. Huntington and Clement H. Moore, eds., Authoritarian Politics
in Modern Society: The Dynamics of Established One-Party Systems (New York and London:
Basic Books, 1970).
Week 8. Thursday, May 27.
Political Turbulence: Revolution, Rebellion, and Violence
A. Revolution
Crane Brinton, The Anatomy of Revolution (New York: Vintage
Books, 1965).
Chalmers Johnson, Revolutionary Change (Boston: Little, Brown
and Co.)
Suggested Reading
James Davies, "The 'J Curve' of Rising and Declining Satisfaction
as a Cause of Some Great Revolutions," in Graham Davis and Ted Robert Gurr, eds, Violence
in America: Historical & Comparative Perspectives (New York: Bantam Books, 1970).
Ted Robert Gurr, Why Men Rebel (Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1970).
Bertram D. Wolfe, Three Who Made a Revolution (Boston: Beacon
Press, 1955).
Crane Brinton, A Decade of Revolution (New York: Harper, 1934).
James DeNardo, Power in Numbers: The Political Strategy of Protest
and Rebellion (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985).
Jeffery M. Paige, Agrarian Revolution: Social Movements and Export
Agriculture in the Underdeveloped World (New York: The Free Press, 1975).
B. Peasant Rebellion
Eric R. Wolf, Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century
(London: Faber & Faber, 1969), "Conclusion", pp. 276-302.
Samuel Popkin, The Rational Peasant (Berkeley and Los Angeles:
University of California Press, 1979).
Suggested Reading
Hilton L. Root, Peasants and King in Burgundy: Agrarian
Foundations of French Absolutism (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California
Press, 1987).
Suzanne Berger, Peasants Against Politics: Rural Organization
in Brittany, 1911-1967 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972).
James Scott, The Moral Economy of the Peasant (New Haven:
Yale University Press, 1976).
James C. Scott, Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of
Peasant Resistance (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985).
Frederick Engels, The Peasant War in Germany (New York:
International Publishers, 1976).
Goran Hyden, Beyond Ujamaa in Tanzania: Underdevelopment and an
Uncaptured Peasantry (Berkeley: University of California, 1980).
Forrest D. Colburn, ed., Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance
(Armonk [NY]: M. E. Sharpe, Inc. 1989).
Special Issue of Comparative Studies in Society and History,
Vol. 17, No. 4, October, 1975 on "Peasants and Political Mobilization." See esp.
Eric R. Wolf, "Introduction," pp. 385- 388.
John Tutino, From Insurrection to Revolution in Mexico
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986).
Eric Wolf, Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century (London: Faber
and Faber, 1971).
Samuel Clark & James S. Connelly, Jr., Irish Peasants: Violence
& Political Unrest, 1780-1914 (Madison: University of Wisconsin, 1983).
C. Political Violence
Harry Eckstein, "Theoretical Approaches to Explaining Collective
Political Violence" in Ted Robert Gurr, ed., Handbook of Political Conflict:
Theory and Research (New York: The Free Press, 1980).
Suggested Reading
Allen Feldman, Formations of Violence: The Narrative of the Body and
Political Terror in Northern Ireland (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991).
Jonathan D. Bingham, Violence & Democracy (New York: World
Pub. Co., 1970).
Wilber A. Chaffee, The Economics of Violence in Latin America: A
Theory of Political Competition (New York: Praeger, 1992).
Carl J. Friedrich, The Pathology of Politics: Violence, Betrayal,
Corruption, Secrecy and Propaganda (New York: Harper & Row, 1972).
D. K. Gupta, The Economics of Political Violence: The Effect of
Political Instability on Economic Growth (New York: Praeger, 1990).
W. J. M. Mackenzie, Power, Violence, Decision (Harmondsworth:
Penguin, 1975).
H. L. Nieburg, Political Violence: The Behavioral Process (New
York: St. Martin's Press, 1969).
Binaifer Nowrojee, Divide and Rule: State Sponsored Ethnic Violence
in Kenya (New York: Human Rights Watch 1993).
Michael Dillon and David Campbell, eds, The Political Subject of
Violence (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993).
Week 9. Thursday, June 3.
Issues in Political Economy
A. The Theory of Underdevelopment
Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World System (New York:
Academic Press, 1974), "Theoretical Reprise", pp. 347-357.
Fernand Braudel, "Capitalism and Dividing Up the
World," pp. 79-117 of Afterthoughts on Material Civilization and Capitalism (
Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977.)
Suggested Reading
James D. Cockroft and Andre Gunder Frank, Dependence and
Underdevelopment: Latin America's Political Economy (Garden City
[NY]: Anchor Books, 1972).
Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin
America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil (New York:
Monthly Review Press, 1969).
Andre Gunder Frank, Crisis in the World Economy (London:
Heinemann, 1980).
Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale: a Critique of the Theory
of Underdevelopment (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974).
Samir Amin, Neo-Colonialism In West Africa (New York: Monthly
Review, 1974).
Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World System I: Capitalist
Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-economy in the
Sixteenth Century (New York: Academic Press, 1974).
Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World System II: Mercantilism and
the Consolidation of the European World-economy, 1600-1750 (New York: Academic Press,
1980).
Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World System III: The Second Era of
Great Expansion of the Capitalist World-economy, 1730-1840s (San Diego: Academic
Press, 1989).
Terence Hopkins, Immanuel Wallerstein, et. al., World-Systems
Analysis: Theory and Methodology (Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1982).
Giovanni Arrighi, Semiperipheral Development: The Politics of
Southern Europe in the Twentieth Century (Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1985).
Colin Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of
Neo-colonialism (Berkeley: University of California, 1975).
Pierre Jalee, The Pillage of the Third World (New York: Monthly
Review Press, 1968).
B. Modernization Theory
Gabriel A. Almond and G. Bingham Power, Comparative Politics:
A Developmental Approach (Boston: Little Brown & Co., 1966), Ch. XI, "Toward
a Theory of Political Development."
Suggested Reading
James S. Coleman, "Modernization: Political Aspects," in International
Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, (MacMillan Company and the Free Press, 1968) Vol.
10, pp. 395-402.
Gabriel A. Almond and G. Bingham Powell, Comparative Politics: A
Developmental Approach (Boston: Little Brown & Co., 1966).
Gabriel A. Almond and James S. Coleman, The Politics of the
Developing Areas (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960).
David Apter, The Politics of Modernization (Chicago: University
of Chicago Press, 1965).
Clifford Geertz, ed., Old Societies and New States: The Quest for
Modernity in Asia and Africa (Glencoe: The Free Press, 1963).
Leonard Binder, Iran: Political Development in a Changing Society
(Berkeley: University of California, 1964).
Robert A. Packenham, "Approaches to the Study of Political
Development," in World Politics, Vol. 17, 1964, pp. 108-120.
James S. Coleman, ed., Education and Political Development
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965).
Lucien W. Pye, Aspects of Political Development (Boston: Little
Brown, 1965).
Edward Shils, Political Development in the New States (The
Hague: Mouton, 1962).
Cyrial Black, The Dynamics of Modernization: A Study in Comparative
History (New York: Harper, 1966).
Robert E. Ward and Dankwart A. Rustow, eds, Political Modernization
in Japan and Turkey (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964).
Dissenting Voices from Modernization
Shmuel N. Eisenstadt, "Breakdowns of Modernization" in Economic
Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 12, 1964, pp. 345- 367.
Samuel P. Huntington, "Political Development and Political
Decay," in World Politics, Vol. 17, 1965, pp. 386-430.
C. S. Whitaker, Jr., "A Dysrhythmic Process of Political Change,"
in World Politics, Vol. 19, No. 2, January 1967, pp. 190-217.
Richard L. Sklar, "Political Science and National Integration: A
Radical Approach," in Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1967,
pp. 1-11.
C. Markets and States in Development
Merilee S. Grindle, "The New Political Economy: Positive Economics
and Negative Politics," in Gerald M. Meier, ed., Politics and Policy Making in
Developing Countries (San Francisco: International Center for Economic Growth, 1991).
Charles E. Lindblom, Politics and Markets (New York: Basic
Books, 1977).
Suggested Reading
Alexander Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical
Perspective: A Book of Essays (Cambridge [MA]: Harvard University
Press, 1966).
Robert H. Bates, Markets and States in Tropical Africa: The
Political Basis of Agricultural Policies (Berkeley: University of California Press,
1981).
Samuel Brittan, Participation Without Markets: An Analysis of the
Nature and Role of Markets (London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 1975).
Peter Evans, Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995).
John R. Freeman, Democracy and Markets: The Politics of Mixed
Economies (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989).
John Zysman, Governments, Markets and Growth: Financial Systems and
the Politics of Industrial Change (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983).
Desmond S. King, The New Right: Politics, Markets and Citizenship
(Basingtstoke: Macmillan Eucation, 1987).
D. Economic and Political Reform*
* This topic is considered separately and in greater length
in Political Science 251, Seminar on Structural Adjustment. It will, therefore, not
be included in Political Science 240A. It appears in this syllabus in order to provide a
full inventory of topics and readings in the comparative politics field.
Barbara Geddes, "Challenging the Conventional Wisdom" in
Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, eds., Economic Reform and Democracy (Baltimore
and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995).
Suggested Reading
Mariano Tommasi and Andres Velasco, "Where Are We in the Political
Economy of Reform?" in Policy Reform, Vol. 1, pp. 187-238, 1996.
Robert H. Bates & Anne O. Krueger, Political & Economic
Interactions in Economic Policy Reform (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993).
Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, The Political Economy of
Democratic Transitions (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995).
Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, The Politics of Economic
Adjustment (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992).
Stephan Haggard and Steven Webb, eds., Voting for Reform: Democracy,
Political Liberalization and Economic Adjustment (New York: Oxford University Press
for the World Bank, 1994).
Luiz Carlos Bresser, Jose Maria Maravall and Adam Przeworski,
Economic Reforms in New Democracies: A Social Democratic Approach (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1993).
Week 10. Thursday, June 10.
Methodological Questions
A. The Debate Over the Nature of the State
1. The State as Class Domination
Ralph Miliband, The State in Capitalist Society (New York: Basic
Books, 1959).
Suggested Reading
Ralph Miliband, Capitalist Democracy in Britain (New York:
Oxford University Press, 1982).
2. The State as Revenue Imperative
Margaret Levi, "The Theory of Predatory Rule", pp. 10-40
Of Rule and Revenue (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).
Robert H. Bates and Da-Hsiang Donald Lien, "A Note on Taxation,
Development and Representative Government," in Politics & Society, Vol.
14, No. 1, 1985, pp. 53-70.
Suggested Reading
Hilton L. Root, "Tying the King's Hands: Credible Commitments and
Royal Fiscal Policy During the Old Regime," in Rationality and Society, Vol.
1, No. 2, October 1989, pp. 240- 258.
3. The State as Bureaucratic Rent-Seeking
Anne O. Krueger, "The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking
Society" in The American Economic Review, Vol. 64, No. 3, June 1974, pp.
291-303.
Suggested Reading
Jagdish Bhagwati, "Directly Unproductive Profit-seeking (DUP)
Activities," Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 90, No. 5, 1982, pp. 988-1002.
Richard A. Joseph, Democracy and Prebendal Politics in Nigeria: The
Rise and Fall of the Second Republic (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987).
Gordon Tullock & James M. Buchanan, eds, The Political Economy
of Rent-Seeking (Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988).
James M. Buchanan, Gordon Tullock and Robert D. Tollison, eds, Toward
a Theory of the Rent-Seeking Society (College Station: Texas A. & M. Press, 1980).
4. The State as Institutions Promoting Growth
Douglass North, "A Theory of Institutional Change and the Economic
History of the Western World," pp. 201-209 of Structure and Change in Economic
History (New York: Norton, 1981).
Suggested Reading
Douglass C. North, "Institutions, Institutional Change and
Economic Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
Douglass C. North, "Institutions and a Transaction-Cost
Theory of Exchange" from James E. Alt and Kennth A. Shepsle, Perspectives on
Positive Political Economy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 182-194.
Suggested Reading
Robert H. Bates, Beyond the Miracle of the Market: The
Political Economy of Agrarian Development in Kenya (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1989). See esp. ch. 3.
B. The Rational Choice Debate
William H. Riker, "Political Science and Rational
Choice," from James E. Alt and Kenneth A. Shepsle, eds., Perspectives on Positive
Political Economy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 163-181.
Ronald Rogowski, "Rationalist Theories of Politics: A
Midterm Report," World Politics, Vol. 30, No. 2, January 1978, pp. 296-323.
Jon Elster, "When Rationality Fails," Ch. 1 of Karen
Schweers Cook and Margaret Levi, The Limits of Rationality (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1990), pp. 19-51.
Suggested Reading
Donald P. Green and Ian Shapiro, Pathologies of Rational
Choice Theory: A Critique of Applications in Political Science
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994).
Jeffrey Friedman, ed., The Rational Choice Controversy:
Economic Models of Politics Reconsidered (New Haven: Yale, 1996).
Susanne Lohmann, "The Poverty of Green and Shapiro,"
in Jeffrey Friedman, ed., The Rational Choice Controversy, pp. 127-154.
Kenneth Shepsle and Mark Bronchek, Analyzing Politics:
Rationality, Behavior & Institutions (W. W. Norton, 1997).
Margaret Levi and Karen Schweers Cook, eds, The Limits of
Rationality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990).