Additional Site Descriptions for the
Juli-Pomata Intensive Survey Zone

The Juli-Pomata Intensive Survey was conducted in 1990 and 1991 in the western Titicaca Basin of southern Peru. In the published volume that accompanies this online site, we described the survey methodology, the site typology, ceramic typology, site size calculations, and so forth. We also described the major sites in the survey zone, but did not describe the vast majority of smaller sites.

We are able to provide more detail in this online text of the approximately 500 sites discovered in the survey. This format allows us to include expanded descriptions of the larger sites. Eventually, we will include color photographs of sites and associated artifacts. This online text will be updated on a regular basis as new analyses are conducted, new maps made, and as new sites are recorded to the north and south of the survey zone.

In this online text, each site is listed in numerical order. The three-digit number corresponds to the permanent site list in the survey publication. Names in parentheses represent alternate spellings. The survey block maps are found in the printed publication and can be utilized to locate the sites.

The following key is used in this appendix:

Surface artifact density = Maximum density of artifacts in a representative 5 x 5 meter square of the highest density area on the site. Density categories are as follows: 1-10; 11-50; 51-100; >100 fragments.

Disturbance: minimal: has some structures visible; moderate: no structures visible but no obvious and major subsurface disturbance; severe: subsurface disturbance.

This site must be used with the published version at this time. The tables in the published version have the periods of the sites, site size, the relevant maps and so forth. For information on obtaining this book, please contact the Field Museum of Natural History Press, Chicago (312-922-9419) or contact the senior author at 310-794-5552.

Sites from the Juli-Pomata survey:

001. Tumatumani (Tuma Tumani)

Topographical location: Lake edge, on pampa below Juli

Altitude: 3820

Site type: 1/8

Surface artifact density: > 100

Modern land use: Agriculture

Disturbance: Moderate - Severe

Map location: D

Colonial.

Notes: Tumatumani is one of the principal Late Sillumocco and Tiwanaku sites in the region. The site was excavated by the Lupaqa project in 1988 and is described in detail in Stanish and Steadman (1994) and in the printed survey publication.

Additional references: Hyslop 1976

002. Juli Pueblo

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3830

Site type: 7

Surface artifact density: >100;

Modern land use: Urban

Disturbance: severe

Map location: H

Notes: Juli Pueblo is today the town of Juli. The site is listed in the Garci Diez de San Miguel Visita of 1567 as a major Lupaqa cabecera in the region.

Additional references: Hyslop 1976

003. Pukara Juli, sector Yacari-Tuntachawi

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900

Site type: 4/5

Surface artifact density: >100

Modern land use: Agriculture

Disturbance: Minimal

Map location: G

Notes: Yacari-Tuntachawi is a section of the Pukara Juli complex, the large fortified site that looms over the modern town of Juli pueblo. Along with other sites, 003 represents the habitation and refuge sites of Altiplano period populations associated with this major Pukara. A full description of this site can be found in the published survey report and in de la Vega 1990.

004. Pomata Pueblo

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3875

Site type: 7

Surface artifact density: >100

Modern land use: Urban

Disturbance: Severe

Map location: M

Notes: Pomata is one of the cabeceras listed in the Garci Diez Visita. It is a major Late Horizon and Early Colonial population center.

Additional references: Hyslop 1976

007. This catalog number was originally assigned to the major pukara of Tanapaca that was later assigned the number 481. The 007 was not subsequently used.

008. Suankata

This fortified pukara (type 5) site is just outside of the survey area. It is a minor pukara with only a few surface remains. There are a few Altiplano and Inca period ceramics on the surface, but in very low densities. There are also about a dozen or so structure walls on the surface, but no evidence of intensive occupation. The site is hypothesized to be either a refuge site for a scattered population or as a location for signal fires during the Altiplano period.

009. Lundayani

Topographical location: Low rise between quebradas

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 7; Surface artifact density: 11-51

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This site is very significant. It was first identified by Hyslop (1976:377-380) as a major Inca and Spanish Colonial period site. There are some cut stone near Lundayani, possibly the location of a hot spring near Juli (an Inca bath) mentioned by Bertonio in his dictionary.

011. Unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density:11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate-Severe; Map location: C

Notes: This site is located along the north-east side of the Zapacollo hill. It is most likely associated with the large occupation in Juli and is mentioned in Hyslop 1976:401. It is badly disturbed today, with small agricultural plots interspersed between houses. No structures exist today.

012. Chojchoni

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agricultural terraces; Disturbance: moderate; Map location: C

Notes: Site number 12 is a small sherd scatter on agricultural terraces located on the north-east side of Zapacollo hill. The terraces are substantial in size reaching 1.5 to 2.0 meters in height. The site is very dispersed and probably is one of a number of sites along the edge of the hill. There is no evidence of formal architecture on the site today.

013. Tujsa Jawira

Topographical location: Lakeside pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture, pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: Tujsa Jawira or "smelly river" is located northeast of Juli on a low, flat area above the small river. We collected 38 Late Horizon ceramics, several of which are seen in the ceramic drawings. Local informants say that house foundations were found on the site about 20 years ago. Today, there is no evidence of stone foundations. Quite a number of other diagnostics were left in place.

014. Jocollo

Topographical location: Pampa, near lake

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture, adobe brick clay source; Disturbance: Moderate to Severe; Map location: D

Notes: Jocollo is difficult to interpret. It is about 250 - 300 meters east of Tjusa Jawira (013). In one sector of the site, it is almost exclusively adobe melt and redeposited trash from another location. We cannot locate the source. Below these melted adobe bricks about 25 meters away is an area with a dark stain in the soil. It appears at the edge of a low hill and looks like an intact site area. It could be the source of the bricks. There are no structures visible. We refrain from assigning an Early Colonial date to this site based on the presence of just two sherds out of the large surface collection.

017. Chinchin Jalave

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Principal occupations: Late Horizon, Early Colonial

Notes: Located at the northernmost tip of the San Bartolome peninsula, Chinchin Jalave has one of the most spectacular views of the lake. The Isla del Sol is in front of the site. Today, the site is composed of a series of low agricultural terraces that follow the relatively gentle contours of the hill. Several (at least 3) slab cist tombs are found on the site. There are also a number of rock piles that could be built over fallen chulpas or slab cist tombs. This is a dispersed site that probably represents a number of Late Horizon and Early Colonial hamlets or individual households that have moved over the generations. There is no visible architecture on the site today.

018. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This site is close to the lake edge. There are two ruined Republican period houses and a recently abandoned corral on the site area. This site represents a small hamlet occupied in the Late Horizon to the present.

019. Zapacollo

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4050; Site type: 5; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Capilla, agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: C

Notes: Zapacollo is popularly known as the "sleeping lion" hill. There are two crests of Zapacollo, each of which has a modern shrine or capilla on top. On the northernmost crest is site 019. It has two or three low rings of walls encircling the hill in a typical "pucara" pattern. The site is a minor pukara that functioned as a temporary refuge site for the populations around the base of the hill. There are no structures visible on the surface at the present time, and the intensity of occupation was very low. The idea that the site functioned strictly as a ceremonial area in the Late Horizon and Early Colonial periods remains a possibility. In particular, the Early Colonial sherds could be a result of ceremonial offerings, a practice that continues to the present day.

020. T'ajsat Parqui

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 8;

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: This site is a large, square cut stone chulpa built in typical "Inca" style. The chulpa is approximately 3.0 meters on aside. There are 2 - 3 courses of stone still intact, with a number of other stones found incorporated into a terrace wall near the chulpa foundation. The site has a commanding view of Juli pueblo. There are at least two other slab cist tombs associated with the chulpa. There were most likely additional chulpas in this area during the Altiplano and/or Late Horizon periods that have since been destroyed.

021. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site is located on a terrace about 100 meters from a crest on San Bartolome. The site is presently terraced. There is no visible architecture. A minor site that probably represents a small household.

022. San Bartolomé-Wiscachani

Topographical location: Hillcrest

Altitude: 4075; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 51-100

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: This site is found on the second highest natural terrace on the crest of San Bartolomé. It overlooks the town of Juli. The site is a series of terraces, at least three in number, that surround a small, flat area. In this flat area is a possible small sunken court. This possible court is defined by the presence of a small depression. Next to the depression is a petroglyph with a square design. In fact, the square design motif on the petroglyph may possibly represent the court itself.

San Bartolomé is a very important site because it represents one of the few major sites with only an early occupation that remains intact. If the depression is indeed a small sunken court, then it may represent one of the few examples in the area of a pre-Tiwanaku ceremonial construction that has not been altered in the Tiwanaku period. That is, most of the other sites in the area such as Tumatumani (001), Palermo (212), and Sillumocco-Huaquina (210) have ceremonial constructions but also have later occupations. Therefore, San Bartolomé may represent an Early Sillumocco period corporate construction without any later reworking.

023. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4100; Site type: 4/5; Surface artifact density:1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: The site is composed of a number of domestic terraces and at least five visible circular structures. One structure has cut stone door blocks. Sherd density is very low and the ceramics are not very diagnostic. We only collected one Pucarani sherd and left other possible Altiplano period diagnostics on the surface. The domestic architectural styles suggest an Altiplano period date for the site. A large, transverse wall, seen on 1955 air photos, indicates that the edge of the Bartolomé hill was most likely fortified.

024. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4100; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: The site is typical of the region with five domestic terraces and associated surface artifacts. There are some possible circular structures as well. Several cist tombs are noted on the site area as well. These particular tombs were clustered near but geographically separate from habitations.

025. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This small site is composed of two abandoned structures, probably post-Colonial in date. On the surface were five ceramic fragments that date to the Inca period, two Pucarani sherds and six non-diagnostic.

026. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4050; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This is a small Early Colonial and Late Horizon site (less than 25 x 25 meters) that is built on several domestic terraces.

027. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4025; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: A site with several post-Colonial and modern structures with Early Colonial and Late Horizon ceramics on the surface. The site is located on three terraces approximately 10 - 15 meters wide.

028. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4050; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture, pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This domestic terrace site consists of at least six terraces on the edge of plant agriculture and pasture lands.

029. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: The site consists of two semi-circular structures approximately 2.0 x 3.0 meters in dimension. One structure has a cut-stone lintel still in the doorway. These structures could be prehispanic. We only recovered eight sherds from the surface, only three of which were diagnostic. All three diagnostics were post-Altiplano period in date.

030. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: There are four rectangular structures on this site made with fieldstones and mud mortar. They probably are post-Colonial in date. We lost the initial pottery collection bag. Subsequent recollections indicate that all diagnostics are Late Horizon and Early Colonial in date.

031. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3975; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This site is composed of a single, large terrace approximately 30 x 50 meters in dimension. It has a relatively high density of ceramic and lithic materials. There are no existing structures or other surface features.

032. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3975; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-51

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site is composed of a single, large terrace approximately 30 x 50 meters. It has a relatively high density of ceramic and lithic materials. There are no existing structures or other surface features. We collected more than 100 sherds from the surface of this site and left a substantial number in place.

033. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-51

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: Site 033 has two post-Colonial structures and associated terraces. There are at least five slab-cist tombs on the site.

034. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4025; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site consists of a series of small (approximately 10 x 20 meters) terraces that are located on the hillside. There are approximately 20 of these terraces. There is no surviving architecture or tombs. Below the site are two large corrals with some surface artifacts, but not of sufficient density to call them a site.

035. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4025; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site is a common domestic hillside terrace with post-Colonial structures. It represents a small hamlet occupied from the Late Horizon to the present day. All non-diagnostic sherds were post-Altiplano period date.

036. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture, pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: There are four rectangular structures on domestic terraces. Diagnostic pottery is Local Inca and Chokasuyu. The structures are post-Colonial period in date, most likely 19th or early 20th century.

037. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4025; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site consists of a number of terraces, each approximately 5 x 15 meters in dimension. Tombs are located next to the terraces. There are at least three slab cists. One circular structure may be a "igloo" type chulpa.

038. Santa Lucia

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site consists of a small stone structure that measures 2.0 x 3.0 meters. It is associated with some Early Colonial period ceramics.

039. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: This single chulpa is almost completely destroyed. The foundation of the chulpa is still visible. It is circular and approximately 2.0 meters in diameter. It was built with cut stone blocks.

040. Hacienda Kajje

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture/fallow; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This site consists of a single terrace without architecture. The site was probably a single household occupied during the Late Horizon.

041. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Pasture, agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site consists of several domestic terraces without visible architecture. A possible chulpa base was located adjacent to one of the terraces.

042. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site is within 100 meters of the lake. It consists of four structures that are Colonial period in date or later. Associated with the site is a circular fieldstone chulpa that is 1.5 meters in diameter.

043. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 8

Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: The site is composed of several destroyed chulpas and slab-cist tombs. The chulpas are built out of fieldstones. We collected 12 non-diagnostics that are all post-Altiplano period in date.

044. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: E

Notes: This site is a cemetery containing at least two slab-cist tombs approximately 1.5 meters in diameter. It is located on a small rock outcrop on the hillside.

045. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site is composed of a modern agriculture terrace that functioned as a domestic terrace. Artifacts are distributed over an approximate 30 x 50 meter area. We collected two Late Horizon/Early Colonial transitional pieces that we have tabulated as Early Colonial.

046. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site consists of two small terraces without existing architecture. There is a high density of lithics, particularly andesite, on the site. A small number of Local Inca and Chucuito types were collected on the site.

047. Cruz Pata

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3975; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: There are two structures on this site. One measures 4.0 x 9.0 meters and is divided into two rooms. Below this structure is another structure that measures 2.5 x 4.0 meters.

048. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 51-100

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: Site consists of terraces around what appears to be a Colonial or early 19th century structure in ruins. There is a modern house next to the older Colonial structure. There are some possible slab-cist tombs adjacent to the terraces but these were too disturbed to define with certainty.

049. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site is a moderately sized terrace, approximately 40 x 70 meters, that is located next to a modern household. A light scatter of Local Inca, Chucuito, and Chukasuyu diagnostics was found on the terrace near the modern household.

050. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3975; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site is a typical domestic terrace without visible architecture. We collected 26 non-diagnostic sherds. We cannot assign a specific period to these, but most sherds are post-Altiplano period in date based upon paste analysis. That is, all diagnostic pastes are late and other paste types could be either of any time period after the Early Formative. The site is very typical of single households on domestic terraces that are common in the Late Horizon and Early Colonial periods. Therefore, in spite of the existence of any single diagnostic type, the site is most likely Late Horizon/and or Early Colonial period in date.

051. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: Site is a moderately sized terrace, approximately 30 x 50 meters in size. There is a structure that probably dates to the Early Colonial period. The structure is small, approximately 3.0 x 4.0 meters in dimension.

052. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agricultural terrace; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site consists of at least four terraces next to a rock outcrop. Artifact density is higher than usual for these kinds of domestic terraces sites. There are no existing structures. The site is a small hamlet founded in the Altiplano period that continued on into the Inca occupation.

053. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site is located along the edges of a small hill. Associated with the terrace are at least five slab-cist tombs and one small (2.0 x 2.0 meter base) chulpa. There are no surviving structures or structure foundations, but the distribution (away from the tombs as well as around the tombs) and nature of the pottery indicates that there was a domestic occupation. That is, the range and nature of the pottery types is suggestive of a domestic occupation.

054. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture/agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This terraced site is approximately 20 x 30 meters in dimension. There is no surviving surface architecture. There was one Tiwanaku sherd and some of the non-diagnostics were possible Tiwanaku pieces. There was insufficient evidence to assign a Tiwanaku date to this site. Other diagnostics include Late Horizon Chucuito and Local Inca plus Early Colonial Chokasuyu ones.

055. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture and agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: The site consists of two slab-cist tombs or one slab-cist tomb and one chulpa base. The site is an isolated above-ground tomb area without an associated domestic component. This site is significant because the pottery is Early Colonial in date associated with above-ground tomb styles.

056. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture and agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate

Notes: The site is a very low and wide terrace (approximately 30 x 40 meters) with associated above- and below-ground tombs. There is at least one round, chulpa base that measures 2.0 and a looted cist tomb that has a mouth diameter of 1.3 meters.

057. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture/agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site consists of single, small terrace. There is an eroding midden on one part of the terrace with carbon, bone, pottery and ash. There is also a single, looted cist tomb along the bottom edge of the terrace wall.

058. Hacienda Valdez

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This site is found on a broad stretch of flat land between two terraces spaced 40 meters apart. Artifact density is low and there are no existing structures.

059. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: This cemetery site includes two low chulpas approximately 1.5 meters in diameter and four small slab-cist tombs. The chulpas were built out of fieldstones. The slab-cist tombs are poorly preserved, and their diameters cannot be determined with accuracy, but they are most likely less than 1.5 meters in diameter.

060. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4050; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agricultural fallow and/or pasture; Disturbance: Moderate

Map location: D

Notes: The site includes five terraces with a concentration of artifact debris on the highest one. We recovered one obsidian fragment from this site. The obsidian fragment is odd in that we rarely find this raw material in association with post-Tiwanaku sites in the area.

061. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This domestic terrace site most likely represents a single Early Colonial household.

062. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This very small scatter of artifacts (20 x 20 meters) with its low density of artifacts is found on a modern agricultural terrace. It probably represents a single household in the Late Horizon and Early Colonial period. There is a small fieldstone structure used today for pasturing activities that measures approximately 2.0 x 4.0 meters.

063. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This site is characterized by a low density artifact scatter on a low terrace. It represents a single Late Horizon household.

064. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This site is characterized by an artifact scatter over a wide area of approximately one hectare. It is built over a low and wide agricultural terrace. It probably represents a settlement of several Early Colonial period households.

065. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This small domestic terrace site has one, and possibly two chulpas located approximately 30 meters below the domestic area of the settlement. The chulpas were round and built with large, uncut fieldstones. The diameters were difficult to determine with much accuracy but appear to be less than 2.0 meters.

066. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture or fallow; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This site is composed of a single cut stone, square chulpa that measures 3.0 x 4.0 meters. There is a scatter of pottery around the site that suggests that there was either a habitation area or more tombs.

067. Becerapi

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Pasture/agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This site consists of at least seven large and irregular terraces and associated above ground tombs. The site area is extensive covering approximately 100 x 300 meters. There is one section of standing architecture that is most likely a set of Inca storage structures. These are rectangular in shape, measuring about 5 x 16 meters in dimension.

We have defined this entire terrace area as one site because there did not appear to be any discontinuities in the surface distribution of artifacts. The site is interpreted as a large concentration of Late Horizon and Early Colonial households.

There are two uncut fieldstone chulpas on the east edge of the site. These measure 1.5 meters in diameter. There are four additional chulpas on the highest part of the site on the northern edge. These are also fieldstone constructions and they measure between 1.5 and 2.5 meters in diameter. The central area appears to have been a plaza as it is separate from lower terraces, and seemed to have been intentionally leveled.

068. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Principal occupations: Altiplano, Late Horizon, Early Colonial

Notes: This cemetery site includes one 1.5 meter diameter fieldstone chulpa, at least 20 slab cist tombs and four below ground cist tombs. It is located on a low hill that rises out of a fairly flat landscape about 800 meters from the lake. The ceramics on the site indicate an Altiplano through Early Colonial use of the site. All of the tombs evident were looted. There are probably many more intact below ground tombs that have not been excavated. This site could be considered part of the cemetery complex that includes 069.

069. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside to hilltop

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Principal occupations: Late Horizon

Notes: This site is close to site 068. It consists of at least ten uncut fieldstone chulpa foundations, five or more slab-cist tombs and at least three cist tombs. It could be considered part of the complex including 068.

070. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Principal occupations: Late Horizon, Early Colonial

Notes: This site consists of a terrace that measures approximately 20 x 40 meters. It has at least five uncut fieldstone chulpas around this terrace and at least three slab-cist tombs. We collected four Late Horizon Local Inca diagnostics and several Chokasuyu fragments. On one modern terrace, there is a large, dark, semi-circular stain. Within this stained area is a large density of pottery fragments and camelid bones.

071. unnamed

Topographical location: Low hilltop

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The cemetery is located on a low hill. There are at least two uncut, fieldstone chulpas that measure 2.0 x 2.0 meters each. The site also has approximately ten slab-cist tombs and at least ten below-ground cist tombs.

072. unnamed

Topographical location: Low hilltop

Altitude: 3875;Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture

Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This cemetery site represents one of the principal burial areas of the Altiplano period settlement in the Juli region. There are approximately 30 - 50 slab-cist and below ground cist tombs on this hill. There are also two small uncut, fieldstone chulpas on the site. The hill is faced with an agricultural wall today that could have been built to shore up the hill at the time it was used as a cemetery. Also, there seemed to be a hierarchy of tomb types/locations on these hills. Chulpas tend to be few in number and located near the top, with below ground tombs arrayed along the edges of the hills. A single petroglyph is associated with this site. It is approximately 60 meters above the cemetery up the San Bartolomé hill. Most of the non-diagnostics would be classified as Pucarani Plainwares utilizing a less conservative methodology so there is little doubt about the phasing of this site.

073. unnamed

Topographical location: Lake edge

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This site measures approximately 75 x 75 meters in area and consists strictly of an artifact scatter on a flat area near the lake. It represents several small households that existed in Late Horizon and Early Colonial times.

074. unnamed

Topographical location: E

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Principal occupations: Altiplano, Late Horizon, Early Colonial

Notes: This domestic terrace site may be part of the complex of settlements that make up 072. There are some looted cist tombs associated with the terraces.

075. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This small terrace site is located near the lake edge and measures approximately 15 x 20 meters in size. It represents a small Late Horizon and Early Colonial household.

076. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside next to lake

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site measures 20 x 40 meters in size. It is found on single terrace less than 25 meters from the lake.

077. Arucutipa

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 51-100

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This site is approximately 300 meters from the lake. It is a large and dispersed domestic terrace system that measures approximately 200 x 200 meters. There is no architectural remains on the site with the exception of the terraces. The site is part of the San Bartolomé hill Late Horizon and Early Colonial settlements. This particular site name of "Arucutipa" is taken from the surname of the landowner.

078. unnamed

Topographical location: Lake edge

Altitude: 3830; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This very small domestic terrace site measures no more than 15 x 15 meters. It probably represents a single small household that was occupied in the Early Colonial period.

079. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This very small domestic terrace site measures no more than 20 x 20 meters. It probably represents a single small household that was occupied in the Altiplano period.

080. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This site is located on domestic terraces in the Kajje drainage. It represents a small hamlet that was occupied in the Early Colonial period.

081. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This site is located on domestic terraces in the Kajje drainage. It was a small hamlet that was occupied in the Late Horizon and Early Colonial period.

082. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture, Habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site is located on top of the Kajje ridge. There are a number of abandoned, modern structures on the site including several small houses and one corral.

083. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture

Disturbance: Moderate

Map location: D

Notes: This site is located on top of the Kajje ridge. This small site is composed of a single small terrace.

084. Puma Muyo

Topographical location: Hillside next to river.

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This site is composed of approximately four small terraces next to the Chajraya river. There is no standing architecture.

085. unnamed

Topographical Location: Hillside near lake

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 6

Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture

Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: This site was identified by one Archaic point and several non-diagnostic lithic artifacts.

086. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside next to river

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site consists of three terraces that measure approximately 10 x 20 meters each with a light concentrations of Late Horizon and Early Colonial artifacts on the surface.

087. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This site is a single slab-cist tomb located approximately 25 meters from the top of the ridge. The tomb is slightly larger than one meter in diameter.

088. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Pasture/habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: This site has a modern house on some terraces with an associated artifact scatter that dates to the Late Horizon and Early Colonial periods.

089. Tomasita Uta

Topographical location: Base of hill next to river

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance:Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This small site consists of two or three terraces and a modern house with a light concentration of artifacts.

090. Chullpa Cerro

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3975; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This site is composed of a single, isolated chulpa base. The chulpa was round and was less than 2.0 meters in diameter. The few associated ceramics date to the Colonial and Late Horizon periods.

091. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside near dry quebrada

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: E

Notes: This interesting site has four visible, circular structures on domestic terraces. This architectural pattern is typical of the Altiplano period (see Stanish, de la Vega, and Frye n.d.) but apparently continues on into the Late Horizon. The site of Lundayani (009), for instance, is another example of a site with a Late Horizon occupation that has circular structures. This site represents a modest Late Horizon hamlet.

092. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside near dry quebrada

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: This typical domestic terrace site consists of three small terraces adjacent to a quebrada. The site most likely represents a small hamlet in the Late Horizon and Early Colonial period.

093. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: This small site consists of three small terraces with a small, ovoid structure on the highest terrace. The site represents a small household that was occupied in the Altiplano period.

094. Wila Ponko

Topographical location: Low hilltop

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Fallow; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: E

Notes: This ridgetop cemetery site has approximately 15 - 20 slab-cist tombs that average between 0.5 and 1.0 meters in internal diameter. The associated ceramic material dates to the Altiplano and Late Horizon periods. Site is located on a prominent ridge adjacent to lake and commands a good view of Peninsula Chocasuyu and the adjacent Pampa.

095. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: E

Notes: This site is on the same ridge as # 094 and may be part of the same burial area. It is about 100 meters from site number 094. This site consists of at least five low, igloo chulpas and a number of slab-cist tombs. The chulpas have a 1.5 meter diameter while the slab-cist tombs are approximately 0.50 meters in diameter. Most of the non-diagnostics are most likely Altiplano or Late Horizon period in date.

096. Sanchi Puto

Geographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1 - 10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This small domestic terrace site is located approximately 500 meters from the lake. It consists of two or three domestic terraces with one circular chulpa. The chulpa is 2.0 meters in diameter.

097. Luciniri

Geographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This small site is composed of several terraces and at least six slab-cist tombs. The slab-cist tombs average 2.0 meters in diameter.

098. unnamed

Geographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1 - 10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This site consists of three abandoned structures that are probably late 18th or early 19th century with scatters of Early Colonial and Late Horizon artifacts on the surface.

099. Uru Kachi

Geographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4025; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal ; Map location: D

Notes: Site consists of two circular-ovoid structures that measure approximately 2.5 to 3.0 meters in their long axis diameter. This architectural style is associated with local Late Horizon populations.

100. Churacocha

Geographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture, corrals; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: The site consists of three Republican or early modern houses and associated Early Colonial artifacts. There are also modern corrals on the site. There are at least eight circular chulpas that average approximately 2 x 2 meters. There are also at least five circular slab-cist tombs with internal diameters of approximately 0. 70 meters.

101. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3880; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: E

Notes: This cemetery contains at least eight circular chulpas and five slab cist tombs. The chulpas are approximately two meters in diameter. The slab-cist tombs vary between 0.7 and 1.0 meters in internal diameter. All tombs are built with fieldstone masonry.

102. unnamed

Topographical location: Low hilltop

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: The site consists of at least seven circular chulpas approximately 2.0 meters in diameter. This cemetery may be associated with the habitation site 104. Both of these sites, in fact, may be part of a larger settlement including 102, 103, and 104 (see notes for site 103).

103. Kollini

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: This site is located above sites number 102 and 104. It is composed of a series of large terraces that measure from 20 x 30 to 40 x 50 meters in dimension. A large wall surrounds the lower three sides of the site. Some terraces are outside of the wall. The wall actually consists of two smaller walls filled with rock rubble, a building technique typical of Altiplano period sites in the area. This wall may have therefore served defensive purposes. There are approximately 10 - 15 circular fieldstone chulpas on the site. These chulpas average 2.0 meters in diameter. This site, combined with sites 102, 104 and 105 may be considered one large settlement during at least the Altiplano and Late Horizon periods. It is possible that this settlement complex derived from the earlier Tiwanaku settlement from the site of Tumuku (121).

104. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3860; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: This site consists of a modern house on large domestic terraces. The terraces have Early Colonial and prehispanic ceramic artifacts on the surface. The site is probably part of a complex settlement (see notes for site number 103).

105. Turulauponcco

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: This site is very close to site 103. It has abundant Late Horizon ceramic material (see notes for site 103).

106. Macatawi

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: E

Notes: This site consists of two slab-cist tombs that measure 2.8 and 2.0 meters in internal diameter. The slab-cists are made with fieldstones. These are very typical Altiplano period tombs. The pastes of the non-diagnostic sherds were generally consistent with the Pucarani type.

107. Turuturuni

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: This site is located below Cerro Tumuku along the quebrada and hillsides in the community of Kajje. The site is listed as a very large settlement that we visually estimate as being approximately six hectares in extent. It consists of a number of discrete artifact concentrations (at least 10, possibly 15), each of which could have treated as a separate site. The site is very typical of the Late Horizon and Early Colonial settlements in the area. It is found among modern houses and agricultural plots. Artifact concentrations are found all along the terraces of this settlement. The three Altiplano period sherds were Pucarani plainwares. We did not assign an Altiplano period date to this site because the three plainwares constituted an insufficiently small percentage of sherds left on site to indicate a pre-Inca date.

108. Huerta Parque

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: This is a single circular chulpa constructed out of fieldstones that measures 2.50 meters in diameter.

109. unnamed

Topographical location: Low crest on ridge

Altitude: 3930; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: This single, fieldstone chulpa is approximately 100 meters from site 108. It is circular and has a diameter of 2.3 meters.

110. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3975; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: This single chulpa measures 2.0 meters in diameter. It is made with fieldstones.

111. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: D

Notes: This site has two small rectangular house foundations on two domestic terraces. The site is at the same level as the chulpa in site 110. We only found five fragments on the site, one of which was a Pucarani plainware and four others were undiagnostic. These four undiagnostics are probably Pucarani.

112. unnamed

Topographical location: Ridgetop

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: There are several modern structures on the site with Early Colonial and Late Horizon ceramics. It is a very typical high altitude pasture site of these time periods.

113. Kajje

Topographical location: Lakeside

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2/4; Surface artifact density: 51-100

Modern land use: Beach area with some agriculture on the fringe of the site

Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: Kajje is the lithic scatter first discovered and reported by Hyslop (1976:281). Hyslop originally named this site area Kajje which included the lithic scatter and the large hill behind the site that has a huge, type 3 Tiwanaku site. We have separated these into two sites; the lithic scatter and type 2 mounds are called Kajje (113) while the hilltop and hillside site is called Tumucu (121). The site is composed of several mounds and a dispersed lithic workshop on what appear to be domestic terraces. The site is located directly next to the beach area. All stages of lithic manufacture are present, as opposed to other sites where more restricted ranges of manufacture are present.

114. unnamed

Topographical location: Ridgetop

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-51

Modern land use: Pasture/agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: The site consists of several domestic terraces and four chulpas. The chulpas are round and are approximately 1.5 meters in internal diameter.

115. Combined with site 121.

116. Ccachawi

Topographical location: Lake edge

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 11-51

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate to Severe; Map location: E

Notes: This very large site consists of a series of domestic terraces in front of Cerro Tumucu. The area also includes a number of modern houses. There is no surviving architecture.

117. Sector Ccayuchawi

Topographical location: Quebrada bottom

Altitude: 3850; Site type:8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: E

Notes: This site consists of three, possibly four slab-cist tombs. They measure approximately 1.5 meters in diameter. The tombs are approximately two meters apart from each other. They are badly looted.

118. Tiipata

Topographical location: Low hill

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: E

Principal occupations: Early Colonial

Notes: This low hill has the remains of at least two circular chulpas approximately 3.0 meters in diameter. The chulpas are constructed out of fieldstones. There is one rectangular chulpa base or slab-cist tomb that measures 1.2 meters on a side. There are also at least two cist tombs with a mouth diameter of 0.6 meters in diameter. Curiously, 20 meters away is a large concentration of lithics. This modest site is important because the ceramic material is virtually pure Early Colonial, yet there are a variety of indigenous tomb styles represented: chulpas, slab-cists and cists. Also, the rectangular slab-cist or chulpa is extremely rare in this area. Along with site 154, Tiipata (118) is excellent evidence for the preservation of indigenous burial forms in the Early Colonial period.

119. Quebrada Kajje

Topographical location: Quebrada bottomland

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: E

Notes: This site sits at the base of the Cerro Tumuku (121). This huge domestic terrace system could easily be divided into several discrete sites. Since the ceramic material was so homogeneous we listed it as one site. We only collected a few sherds from the surface for analysis.

120. Chaka Apacheta

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: This site is near the modern cemetery of the community of Kajje. The site consists of several domestic terraces in the bend of the Puno-Desaguadero road. There is no surviving architecture. There is a scatter of lithics on one of the upper terraces. This scatter contained types very similar to those found at Tumatumani, Sillumocco, and Huaquina. Density was very high. This site most likely represents a local population during the Tiwanaku occupation.

121. Tumuku

Topographical location: Hilltop, hillside and base of hill.

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 3; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate to severe; Map location: E

Notes: This site was originally treated as two sites, one on top of the hill plus the upper domestic terraces (121) and another site at the southern base of the hill (115). We eventually treated the entire hill and associated domestic terraces at the base as a single site. The upper part of the hill represents the Tiwanaku occupation. At the very top is a semi-subterranean sunken court very similar to other sites such as Sillumocco (158) and Palermo (212). The court is stone-lined on four sides. It was, unfortunately, difficult to measure. It is at least several meters long on a side, and appears to be roughly square. Along with the ceramic artifacts, we also found a five-Boliviano denomination Bolivian coin dated 1951.

122. Huayllune

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-51

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Principal occupations: Altiplano, Late Horizon, Early Colonial

Notes: This small (approximately 30 x 40 meters) domestic terrace site has modern houses and a small capilla over an Early Colonial and Late Horizon occupation.

123. Matinee

Topographical location: Hilltop and hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: This is a typical domestic terrace site without surface architecture. The ceramic density is very low. There are two modern structures on the site. All diagnostics were post-Altiplano period in date.

124. unnamed

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 3830; Site type: 12; Surface artifact density: > 151

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: E

Notes: This is a lithic workshop. It measures approximately 25 x 25 meters in size. The site appears to be a flake production workshop with a variety of flake sizes. It could possibly be a primary reduction area. Andesite is virtually the exclusive raw material with a few pieces of basalt noted as well.

125. unnamed

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 51-100

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: This site has no visible architecture. It is a typical Early Colonial and Late Horizon site built on domestic terraces.

126. Putuko Pata

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate - Severe; Map location: E

Notes: This cemetery site has two circular chulpas that measure 1.5 meters in diameter and at least ten slab-cist tombs. The site is approximately 20 x 30 meters in dimension. Some of the tombs have been recently looted. There are human and camelid bones on the surface.

127. unnamed

Topographical location: hillside.

Altitude: 3880; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Principal occupations: Late Horizon, Early Colonial

Notes: This is a curious site. There are three abandoned structures that measure approximately 3.0 x 4.0 meters each. These structures surround a low, sunken area that is similar to artificial depressions in campesino house compounds today. These structures could therefore be Early Colonial house compound surrounding a patio area.

128. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: Three rectangular structure foundations are found on a flat, open area of this hilltop on the Chocasuyu peninsula.

129. Pakarapi

Topographical location: Hilltop, hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: The site is next to an old road. It is a typical domestic terrace site with four modern houses.

130. Inka Pata

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3890; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: This site is on the side of a large hill. It is a typical domestic terrace site. There are several circular and elliptical structures associated with a Late Horizon occupation. All of the non-diagnostic sherds were post-Altiplano period in date.

131. Tituluni

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 9

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: E

Notes: This site is a petroglyph. The name derives from the local belief that the petroglyph is a "title" to the land by the community of Chocasuyu-Kajje. The petroglyph is 1.50 x 1.50 meters in size. Designs include human, lizard, stars and squares. Part of the petroglyph is destroyed.

132. Kentuyu

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: E

Notes: The site is a single, circular chulpa 3.00 meters in diameter. It is built out of uncut stone.

133. Casa de Chambilla

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: The site consists of a low hill with some below-ground cist tombs and slab cist tombs and associated domestic terraces. The cist tombs are 0.30 meters in diameter.

134. Chiripujo

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: This typical Early Colonial site is located at the base of a hill adjacent to a quebrada. There is a modern settlement (five house structures) with numerous diagnostic pottery. The area is significant in that we found a number of wells dug into the sides of the hill next to the quebrada. These wells were stone lined and are found on earlier sites, such as Pukara Juli (003) as reported on by de la Vega (1990). There is a possibility that this site had an earlier Tiwanaku occupation, although one sherd is insufficient evidence.

135. Escuela Chocasuyu

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Modern structure; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: E

Notes: This site is a small earthen mound site with at least six subterranean cist tombs. These tombs measure approximately 0.70 meters in diameter. According to the students at the school, the community excavated this mound about one month before our survey. This explains the human bones found on the surface of the site. This site probably represents a Late Horizon or early Early Colonial house structure that collapsed to create the mound. The mound was subsequently used as a burial ground by later populations.

136. Gentil

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3880; Site type: 12; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Old road cut; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: E

Notes: The site is a cut in the side of an agricultural and possibly domestic terrace. One informant says that the cut exposed tombs in the past, but that these have been destroyed. This site may be a cemetery area associated with site number 137.

137. Chukasuyu

Topographical location: Base of hill 50 meters from lake

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: This site has domestic terraces with a relatively high concentration of artifacts on the surface from Formative to Inca. The site is very close to the lake and there is substantial totora stands at the edge of the site.

This site was originally discovered by Hyslop (1976:373). He described it as a habitation area of about two hectares with two igloo chulpas and one slab cist tomb. Our methodology recognized four separate sites--127, 133, 136, 137-- that Hyslop appears to have lumped as a single site. We did not locate any chulpas. It would appear that these have since been leveled for agricultural activity since Hyslop’s survey. It is also possible that surface stones in the area were utilized for the road construction in the mid 1980’s.

Hyslop notes that the site name of Chukusuyu was mentioned in the Garci Diez Visita as part of the subdivision of Juli. He suggests that the site that he found was this historically documented settlement. Our survey located a substantial Late Horizon settlement on and near the Chukusuyu Peninsula, any of which could reasonably be the Chukusuyu community listed in the Visita.

138. Unnamed

Topographical location: Quebrada bottom

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: This site was a modern house that was abandoned in the 1985 flood. It is a small mound with Early Colonial and Late Horizon pottery on the surface. It is possible that the site was an abandoned and collapsed structure with intrusive tombs.

139. unnamed

Topographical location: Quebrada bottom in the pampa

Altitude: 3840; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: This site is a single slab-cist tomb in the quebrada of this pampa. The tomb is 2.40 meters in diameter.

140. Lloconocco

Topographical location: Hillside adjacent to quebrada

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: The site is next to the Quebrada Lloconocco and consists of several domestic terraces and at least three slab-cist tombs. The tombs are all looted and have an average diameter of 1.60 meters.

141. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use:Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance:Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: The site consists of two groups of modern structures with associated Early Colonial and Late Horizon pottery on the surface. The site is on domestic terraces.

142. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: This site consists of a group of domestic terraces and tombs. The tombs include one circular chulpa 1.50 meters in diameter, and five circular slab-cist tombs that measure 0.50 - 0.80 meters in internal diameter.

143. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3975; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: D

Notes: The site consists of a several domestic terraces and one chulpa. The chulpa measures 1.75 meters in diameter.

144. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, pasture, habitation, and camelid corrals.

Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: The site consists of a modern structure and corral with associated Late Horizon sherds on the surface. The site appears to have been a favored location for pasturing animals since at least the Late Horizon. One of the Late Horizon sherds was a Pacajes fineware.

145. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: C

Notes: This site is obviously associated with the peripheral occupation of the site of Pueblo Juli (002) that was the principal administrative site in the Inca and Spanish administrative structure in the region. We left hundreds more ceramic fragments on the surface.

146. Chojchoni

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 51-100

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance: Moderate to severe; Map location: C

Notes: There are a number of in-use and abandoned structures on this site. The site is on the road to Juli, which is nearby. Chojchoni represents one of the dozens of Early Colonial sites in the Juli region. We found 16 Early Colonial spindle whorls on this site raising the possibility that this was a major weaving area in the Early Colonial period.

147. Sapijicani

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: C

Notes: This Tiwanaku site is about 300 meters above the principal road between Juli and Huaquina on the northwest face of Zapacollo. It faces the Moyopampa. The site is below one of the prominent rock outcrops on the lake side of the hill. The site consists of numerous small domestic terraces without visible architecture. Sapijicani represents the local population during Tiwanaku control in the region.

148. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: C

Notes: This site consists of at least two, possibly four moderately sized terraces that measure approximately 5 x 35 meters. These terraces are found along the Zapacollo hillside facing the Moyopampa. We discovered one chulpa base and one slab-cist tomb on the site. The Late Horizon and Early Colonial sherds, in fact, are probably related to these tombs and not to the domestic occupation of the site itself. This site is virtually identical to 147 in size, surface artifacts and existing architecture (domestic terraces). Like 147, it probably represents the local population during Tiwanaku time.

149. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: C

Notes: This site consists of five circular chulpas. These chulpas were made with cut stone andesite, including one block with a serpent figure in low relief. The chulpas have average diameters of between 1.50 and 2.50 meters. We have assigned an Altiplano and Late Horizon date to the building of the chulpas and has chosen to dismiss the presence of the two Early Colonial diagnostics. The existence of Altiplano period sherds suggests that the cut stone technique for chulpa building may have begun prior to the Late Horizon.

150. unnamed

Topographical location: Quebrada

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture/agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: E

Notes: The site consists of at least six slab-cist tombs on at least three modern agricultural terraces. It is difficult to determine if the terraces were ever used as domestic structure platforms. The low density of artifacts suggests a strictly cemetery function of the site. The non-diagnostics were closer to Pucarani styles based upon paste, but this conclusion is tentative without a better resolution of the Pucarani sherd types.

151. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: C

Notes: This site is a typical domestic terrace settlement with a relatively high density of surface artifacts. In spite of the high density of artifacts, we only collected eight diagnostics. We recognize the assignment of Early Colonial and Altiplano period dates to be somewhat incautious, given only two sherds from each period. On the other hand, given the general lack of diagnostics on the site, the existence of two for each period was deemed sufficient.

152. Chucuni

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3860; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: C

Notes: This cemetery site has more than two slab-cist tombs and at least one circular, fieldstone chulpa. The chulpa is 1.50 meters in diameter. All of the non-diagnostics were post-Altiplano period in date.

153. unnamed

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Scrub fallow for agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: C

Notes: This small site measures no more than 20 x 20 meters. There is an abandoned Republican period house with associated Early Colonial and Late Horizon sherds. This stone house measures 3 x 6 meters. This is a very typical small household site type. We also noted, but did not collect, one andesite celt and one hoe.

154. Willahauci Calpa Capac

Topographical location: Low hill in pampa near lake

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture/agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: C

Notes: This is a very interesting cemetery site. Along the lake edge on a natural terrace that rises about 20 meters above the lake is a large accumulation of stones and rocks. Running roughly perpendicular to the lake is a very low ridge spur. Within this rock accumulation are the remains of at least one chulpa, four slab-cist tombs and two cist tombs. The most surprising aspect of this site is that of the 22 sherds collected from the surface, 19 were Early Colonial and three were non-diagnostic. No other diagnostics from other occupational periods were found. Along with site 118, this site is excellent evidence for the preservation of indigenous burial practices in the Early Colonial period. The existence of chulpa remains problematic. There is as yet no other evidence for the continued use of chulpas in the Early Colonial period. Combined with the evidence from site number 155, this site constitutes some thin, but compelling evidence for precisely the continuation of that practice. (See notes for sites 155 and 156).

155. unnamed

Topographical location: Low hill in pampa near lake

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: C

Notes: This site is about 60 meters from 154. Like Willahauci Calpa Capac, this site is found on a low ridge or hill near the lake. It also has at least one circular chulpa 2.50 meters in diameter and at least ten slab-cist tombs with internal diameters between 0.35 and 0.50 meters. Unlike site 154, however, we found a very different artifact collection. Compared with site 154, this site is very significant. This cemetery is virtually identical in topographical location and tomb styles to site 154. Yet, the dates of these two cemeteries are very different. These data suggest that the use of above-ground tomb styles began in the Altiplano period and continues in the Early Colonial period. The cemetery at site 155 was used up to the Early Colonial period. At this time, the cemetery area for the local population was moved nearer the lake at site 154 and farther away from the lake at the site of 156. (See notes for sites 118, 154, 156 and 157).

156. Wila Amaya

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Low hill in pampa; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: C

Principal occupations: Altiplano, Early Colonial

Notes: This cemetery site consists of two circular, fieldstone chulpas (2.0 meters in diameter), at least five cist tombs and at least 30 slab-cist tombs. The site is approximately 50 meters from the site 155. Curiously, in spite of the large number of looted tombs, there was a very low density of ceramics. Combined with the sites of 154 and 155, this site represents a group of cemetery sites on the low ridges and hills in the pampa (See notes for sites 154, 155 and 157).

157. Misuich Pongo

Topographical location: Lake edge

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: C

Notes: This site consists of two low hills or ridges 30 meters apart. At least 30 slab-cist tombs were found on one ridge, and at least 20 slab-cist tombs were located on the second one. The cemetery areas measure approximately 15 x 40 meters and 10 x 30 meters respectively. A similar range of ceramic artifacts were found on each site. Combined with the sites of 154, 155 and 157, this site represents a group of cemetery sites on the low ridges and hills in the pampa (See notes for sites 154, 155 and 157).

158. Sillumocco-Huaquina

Topographical location: Low hill

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 3/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance: Moderate to severe; Map location: C

Notes: This site lends it name to the Formative period occupation in the Juli-Pomata region. It is not a type site in the traditional sense, but Sillumocco is indeed typical of the largest and most impressive Upper Formative and Tiwanaku period sites. Sillumocco-Huaquina is a classic type 3 site, characterized by a low hill with domestic terraces leading up to a semi-subterranean, square structure on the hilltop. This "temple" area most likely dates to the Late Sillumocco and Tiwanaku periods. In this respect, the site is similar to the site of Palermo (212). Sillumocco-Huaquina is significant in that it is geographically associated directly with a series of raised fields. This raised field segment is watered by a canal that runs perpendicular to the canalized Rio Salado and then turns 90° across the base of Sillumocco-Huaquina. This raised field segment is excellent evidence for the construction of such agricultural systems in Sillumocco and Tiwanaku times. A large amount of lithic artifacts were recovered, with hoe and adze types similar to those recovered at Tumatumani, Huaquina, and Chaka Apacheta.

The existence of some chulpas (at least three) on the site probably explains the Late Horizon pottery that we found. As at Palermo (212), the ceremonial core of the site was probably abandoned after Tiwanaku times and a small Altiplano and Late Horizon settlement was built over the sunken court.

159. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: C

Notes: The site consists of four separate circular chulpas that could have all been divided into separate sites. The chulpas are separated by approximately 30 - 60 meters. Three of the chulpas are very large and measure 5.0 meters in diameter. A fourth chulpa measures 1.5 meters in diameter. The chulpas have a double wall with a cist in the middle. They are made from fieldstones.

160. Kolapatata

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance:Moderate;Map location: C

Notes: The site is on the west side of Zapacollo hill. It consists of approximately 13 domestic terraces. There is no standing architecture. This site represents a local habitation area that was occupied from the Tiwanaku period up to the present day.

161. Rio Salado

Topographical location: Pampa with relict raised fields

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density:

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: This small site is presently an abandoned house that was destroyed in a flood in 1985. This site possibly represents an Early Colonial occupation.

162. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density:

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: G

Notes: The site consists of a type 2 mound (representing a collapsed house) with intrusive slab-cist tombs. There are at least three slab-cist tombs, 1.50 meters in diameter. The site is no larger than 5 x 5 meters in dimension.

163. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation, and pasture; Disturbance: Moderate to severe; Map location: G

Notes: This Early Colonial site consist of a modern abandoned house and several mounds in which a rectangular shape can be discerned. These are probably collapsed rectangular structures from the Early Colonial and later periods. The modern house was abandoned in the 1985 flood.

164. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3830; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: C

Notes: This site sits on a low, broad ridge that rises out of the pampa. It is roughly circular in shape and is approximately 30 meters in diameter. The site is about 100 meters from Huaquina (158). There is at least one slab-cist tomb and at least one looted cist tomb on this rise. There is no evidence of habitation. The site appears to be exclusively a cemetery area.

165. unnamed

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: C

Notes: The site consists of at least five cist tombs with diameters of 0.80 meters in diameter. All tombs are looted. There are probably more undisturbed cist tombs on the site.

166. Kawasinte

Topographical location: Rocky promontory in pampa

Altitude: 3930; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: This low, rocky promontory that rises out of the pampa has seven circular cist tombs. They are all looted and are in very poor condition.

167. unnamed

Topographical location: Near quebrada on hillside

Altitude: 4025; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Abandoned terraces, no modern use; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: This very small (20 x 30 meters) terrace site has a scatter of Early Colonial sherds, of which 20 were collected. This site probably represents a single household in the Late Horizon and Early Colonial period, a very common settlement type.

168. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4050; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: H

Notes: This site consists of several domestic terraces with two possible chulpa bases and at least three slab-cist tombs. There are four standing, abandoned structures that measure approximately 2 x 2 meters. This small size of the structures is curious and could be abandoned storage structures from virtually any post-Altiplano period. The possible chulpa bases are too badly disturbed to get an accurate measurement of their size, but do not appear to be more than 2.0 meters in diameter.

169. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4100; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: The site is found at the base of Cerro Caracollo. It is a large settlement of approximately 100 x 200 meters. The site consists of a series of domestic terraces without standing architecture. We noted some large canchones near the site that could have possibly served as a plaza or ceremonial area. This is speculative, however. There were hundreds of sherds on the surface, all of which were Late Horizon or Early Colonial in date. We also collected an obsidian fragment.

170. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation;Disturbance:Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: The site is located on the lower apron of the west face of Cerro Caracollo. There is an abandoned modern house on one or two domestic terraces.

171. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3975; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: The site is similar to site 170. It has three abandoned houses with a relatively dense scatter of ceramics.

172. Caracollo

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4125; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: H

Notes: This cemetery site is composed of at least five, possibly ten looted cist tombs. They have internal mouth diameters of approximately 30 cm. There was little ceramic material on the surface. We collected two Late Horizon sherds, and five post-Altiplano period non-diagnostics. We have assigned a Late Horizon date to this cemetery based upon the two diagnostics and paste characteristics of the non-diagnostics which suggest a Late Horizon or Early Colonial date.

173. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4150; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: This small site (15 x 30 meters) represents a small Late Horizon and Early Colonial household site. There are some modern corrals in the area. We noted one andesite hoe on the surface.

174. Chulpa Yakuti

Topographical location: Saddle of hilltop

Altitude: 4125; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: This site consists of two circular chulpa bases 1.50 meters in diameter. No other sherd types were noted.

175. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4100; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: This is a typical domestic terrace habitation site.

176. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: This small site consists of a small modern house foundation with a scatter of Late Horizon ceramics.

177. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: H

Notes: This site is a single circular, fieldstone chulpa on a ridgetop. The chulpa is two meters in diameter. There is a post-occupational rectangular wall around the chulpa suggesting that it was subsequently used as an area of ritual. There were only four sherds near the chulpa, all of them heavily eroded. The sand-mica temper is suggestive of Pucarani Plainwares.

178. Wicha Pata

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: H

Notes: This site has two circular, fieldstone chulpas, two meters in diameter and 12 meters apart. The chulpas are badly destroyed.

179. unnamed

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: C

Notes: The site consists of a small domestic terrace approximately 15 x 20 meters in size with associated slab-cist and cist tombs. There are at least ten cist tombs, approximately 0.60 meters in internal diameter. There are also two slab-cists 1.50 meters in diameter. We also collected an undiagnostic copper fragment.

180. Cruz Pata

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: H

Notes: This cemetery consists of six slab-cist tombs and at least three cist tombs.

181. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4100; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: This domestic hillside terrace site also has a fieldstone chulpa with a two-meter diameter.

182. Sonoko

Topographical location: Side of quebrada

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: This is a single slab-cist tomb.

183. Tahuacuyo-Choquehaua

Topographical location: Side of quebrada

Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: G

Notes: This site is composed of three slab-cist tombs, two meters in diameter.

184. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: G

Notes: This site is a single chulpa. It is circular, built with fieldstones, and is 1.75 meters in diameter.

185. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: G

Notes: This domestic terrace site includes at least three chulpas, two meters in diameter. These chulpas are built with fieldstones. The site includes several terraces over an area of at least 200 x 200 meters.

186. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Rocky hillside; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: This small cemetery covers about 10 x 15 meters and is found on the side of Cerro Pukara. In this area we encountered at least 12 cist tombs approximately 1.0 meters in external diameter. All were looted. The paste types in the non-diagnostics are post-Tiwanaku.

187. Puluituni

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Rocky hillside; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: G

Notes: This site has three circular, fieldstone chulpas and at least eight cist tombs 20 meters from the chulpa group. The chulpas are all approximately 1.50 meters in diameter.

188. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: G

Notes: This site is domestic hillside site is on the side of Cerro Pukara. It consists of several small domestic terraces with a scattering of artifacts.

189. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4100; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: G

Notes: This site consists of one rectangular chulpa 5 x 5 meters in size and at least three other round chulpas. Several of these are made with large shaped, but not cut stone blocks.

190. Naino Jaque

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4050; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: > 101

Modern land use:Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate to severe; Map location: H

Notes: This classic domestic terrace Late Horizon site is found along the side of a quebrada. The site has foundation bases of both square and round structures, similar to Lundayani (009). The site is at least 150 x 200 meters in size and three very large and long terraces.

191. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4100; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: H

Notes: This site is composed of two isolated, circular chulpa bases or slab-cist tombs. These tombs are 1.50 meters in diameter. They are made with fieldstones.

192. unnamed

Topographical location: Quebrada

Altitude: 4050; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: This modest site is composed of a single, rectangular pirca structure in a quebrada bottom in this puna area. We collected eight non-diagnostic sherds. Several of these sherds have a heavy mica temper suggestive of Pucarani Plainwares.

193. unnamed

Topographical location: Ridgetop

Altitude: 4025; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: H

Notes: This is a single, circular chulpa, 1.50 meters in diameter. It is made with fieldstones. The site is located above the site of the old church of Santa Barbara. We collected a number of Late Horizon sherds, many of which were very fine. We also collected a ceramic puma fragment. We left a number of sherds on the surface. The quantity of ceramic material is quite high, compared to other similar chulpa sites. This chulpa most likely was an area of significant ritual reuse in the Late Horizon or there was a habitation zone that we missed. The fine quality of the ceramic material suggests the former interpretation. The location of the old Santa Barbara church suggests that this little ridgetop continued to be ritual significant in Early Colonial times, even though we discovered no Early Colonial pottery. The site sits on a small ridge that commands an impressive view of modern, (and Inca-period), Juli. The site was heavily looted.

194. unnamed

Topographical location: Saddle of hill

Altitude: 4175; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: This small habitation site is associated with four slab-cist tombs and three cist tombs. The habitation area has four small, abandoned structures that could be Early Colonial to early modern in date. The slab-cist tombs are approximately 1.50 meters in diameter. The tombs are approximately ten meters away. The artifacts were collected from the habitation area. There were no artifacts close to the tombs.

195. Capilla Caracolla

Topographical location: hilltop

Altitude: 4225; Site type: 5/12; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Unutilized; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: H

Notes: This site consists of several poorly made and abandoned structures of some sort at the peak of Caracolla. These structures consist of rock lined depressions. This could be a temporary shelter for pastoralists or could be the remains of an Altiplano period refuge site.

196. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4100; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Severe ; Map location: H

Notes: The site consists of at least seven cist tombs, approximately 0.90 meters in external diameter. All three non-diagnostics were post-Tiwanaku.

197. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: Site consists of a number of abandoned structures with a scattering of Early Colonial pottery on the surface.

198. Guitarani

Topographical location: Hillside near top of hill

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: The site consists of three circular, fieldstone chulpas. They are approximately 2.50 meters in diameter. We also found two andesite grinding wheels on this site. These are most likely Colonial period in date.

199. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: This site consists of one circular chulpa, 4.0 meters in diameter, and six slab-cist tombs, 1.0 - 1.3 meters in diameter.

200. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: This site contains several badly disturbed slab-cist tombs located on a ridge or hilltop.

201. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3860; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: This single chulpa base is circular in form and measures 3.00 meters in diameter. It is built with fieldstones.

202. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: G

Notes: This domestic terrace site is located on the flanks of Pukara Juli. There is no standing architecture. This site represents a single household occupied during the Early Colonial period.

203. Pisac Pujo

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4050; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: G

Notes: This cemetery site consists of one large, fieldstone chulpa and at least one cist tomb. The chulpa measures 3.50 meters in diameter, the cist is approximately 0.50 meters in diameter. We collected seven sherds from some recently abandoned houses just below the cemetery. The association of these ceramics with the tombs is not very good. There were no artifacts associated with the tombs themselves.

204. Sullijicani

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3975; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: G

Notes: This site contains three large fieldstone chulpas. They all measure about 3.20 meters in diameter. Along with the chulpa in 203, these represent the largest burial towers associated with the site of Pukara Juli.

205. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: G

Notes: This site consists of several well made terraces and at least five slab-cist tombs. There is no surviving architecture from the site although there are some modern structures on the side of the terraces.

206. Palmoro

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3910; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation

Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: G

Notes: This is a small Early Colonial site on a set of domestic terraces. There is a modern household on the site today. Associated with the terrace is a possible rectangular chulpa, 2.5 x 1.5 meters in diameter. The chulpa is constructed with fieldstones.

207. Tankarani

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: We collected 17 sherds from this small domestic terrace site. There is a modern house compound on the site as well.

208. Kalatirawi

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: G

Early Colonial

Notes: This moderately sized mound is approximately 20 x 30 meters in dimension. It is not an artificially constructed platform mound like Tumatumani (001) or Sillumocco (210). Rather, it most likely represents a series of collapsed structures over at least two millennia. The site is very significant because it has diagnostic ceramics from all periods in the Juli-Pomata. There is no surviving architecture on the site. We did discover a single andesite rock, approximately 0.40 x 1.00 meters in dimension near the mound. The rock was too badly eroded to determine if there was any decoration. It is located in a raised field zone. This site type is rare in the pre-Altiplano periods.

209. unnamed

Topographical location: Lake edge on pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2 or 6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: C

Notes: It is difficult to assess if this site was originally a type 2 habitation mound that has been plowed flat or if it is a type 6 site representing a specialized activity area without architecture. There is a scatter of artifacts that extends approximately 50 x 50 meters across the landscape. The site is virtually flat with only some very minor rises that may or may not be archaeological. The edge of the site is about 15 meters from the Rio Salado.

210. Huaquina

Topographical location: on low rise in pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 1; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: This is a type 1 mound site, characterized by a large platform mound with at least three smaller mounds on top. The mound area proper measures approximately 50 x 50 meters with associated artifact scatters extending over a 100 x 150 meter area. At approximately 1.5 hectares, Huaquina would be only 1/3 the size of Tumatumani (001). However, like Tumatumani, there is evidence of elaborate corporate architecture from the site in the form of cut stone on the surface. There is also a large sunken section on the mound that could represent a semi-subterranean sunken court. There is a well dug on the edge of the mound that shows a 1.5 to 2.0 meter deep midden or fill section. It was not possible to scrape the side of the well to determine if it was stratified or not. There is no doubt that the exposed section was cultural. It could be similar to the platform fill in Tumatumani. We found a trumpet fragment that one of us (Steadman) has identified as a local trumpet painted with Pucara-like red paint. A large amount of lithic artifacts were also recovered, with hoe and adze types similar to those recovered at Sillumocco, Tumatumani, and Chaka Apacheta. The distribution of these artifacts was somewhat constricted, in that there was an area of high lithic density, with other areas with few or no lithic artifacts.

211. Kjahuma

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: This site is composed of two cist tombs approximately 0.80 meters in diameter located on the side of Pukara Juli.

212. Palermo

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 3/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: G

Notes: This site is the largest Sillumocco and Tiwanaku period site in the Juli-Pomata area. It is located on the side of Pukara Juli adjacent to an old hacienda that lends its name to the site. Palermo is a classic example of a type 3 site with massive domestic terraces that climb up to an artificially altered hilltop. There is a semi-subterranean sunken court at the top of the hill that measures 15 x 15 meters in dimension. The court is stone lined with shaped, but uncut stones. The court contains a stone from a doorway that is very similar to that found at Lukurmata in Bolivia. At the pinnacle of the site is a small, rounded hilltop. On top of this local variety of an "Akapana" is a circular, fieldstone chulpa that obviously post-dates the major occupation of the site.

Immediately above the sunken court is an open area that was excavated by de la Vega and Stanish in the 1991 season. We discovered construction fill below a floor. Above this floor was a level of unconsolidated midden, a substantial quantity of burned vegetal matter, and larger rocks. All of these features in this level was suggestive of post-occupational unintentional collapse. The burning could also represent a violent episode in which structures on the floor surface were destroyed. Higher up in this post-floor level was a thick lens of camelid dung, a feature that indicates that the site was utilized as a corral after the principal occupation represented by the floor.

There is a canal that runs from the side of Pukara Juli into the sunken court area. It appears that the court was used as a reservoir sometime after the principal occupation of the area. It is possible that this reservoir was used simultaneously with the corral discovered in the excavations.

This site of Palermo is located between two major aqueducts that lead into the raised field area immediately below the site . This aqueduct is now out-of-use, but it runs to a spring that is used today by a church-run agricultural research station. The spring is used to water the entire station and produces a large quantity of water throughout the year. A second aqueduct is seen on the other side of the site as well.

213. unnamed

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: G

Notes: This domestic terrace and cemetery site contains a relative high density on non-diagnostic artifacts. There are three or four terraces with significant sherd densities. Associated with the terraces are five - six cist tombs approximately 0.80 meters in diameter.

214. unnamed

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: G

Notes: This site consists of a single chulpa, circular in shape and 2.50 meters in diameter. It is built with fieldstones. It is probably Altiplano period in date with an Early Colonial reuse as a capilla.

215. unnamed

Topographical location: Base of hill; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: G

Map location: G

Notes: This single chulpa is square in shape and is 4.0 x 4.0 meters in dimension. It is built with cut stone blocks and still stands about one meter in height.

216. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate ; Map location: C

Notes: This single, small type 2 mound measures less than 7.0 x 7.0 meters.

217. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: C

Notes: This single, type 2 mound measures approximately 30 x 30 meters in size.

218. Moya

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: C

Notes: This mound is a typical type 2 with an unusually high number of Late Horizon fragments. Along with the ceramic fragments, we also collected pre-Colonial spindle whorls.

219. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density:1-10

Modern land use:Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance:Moderate; Map location: G

Notes: This Early Colonial mound measures approximately 20 x 20 meters at the base.

220. Causilla-Mocco

Topographical location: Pampa (has been inundated recently by lake flood)

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 12; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Habitation; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: This disturbed site is presently a house compound.

221. Moyopampa Playa

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: B

Notes: This site consists of five type 2 mounds spread over a two hectare area. The mounds are approximately 5.0 meters in diameter. These mounds are located within 50 meters of the lake shore. This area is subject to periodic rains. We collected each mound separately. One important observation from these collections is that the mounds contain a large quantity and range of artifacts. Collections such as these assure us that the surface artifacts represent the subsurface materials in most of these mounds. We also note that we left a substantial number of sherds on the surface.

222. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: F

Notes: This low mound has one slab-cist tomb on the surface. We can safely assign a post-Tiwanaku date to the tomb, but as the tomb is intrusive, we cannot date the mound itself. Slab-cist tombs were built during the Altiplano, Late Horizon and Early Colonial periods. Type 2 mounds are overwhelmingly Post-Tiwanaku in date.

223. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: B

Notes: This mound is approximately five meters in diameter. It is located on the low pampa, approximately 500 meters from the lake in land that is periodically inundated. Many of the non-diagnostic sherds had pastes that were probably Late Horizon.

224. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: B

Notes: This site consists of two type 2 mounds that measure approximately 10 x 10 and 20 x 20 meters at their bases respectively. There are at least ten intrusive cist tombs built into both of these mounds. The tombs average 0.50 meters in diameter. We also collected some basalt axes from the site. It is most likely that the tombs are Early Colonial in date and that they were built on top of collapsed Altiplano period habitations.

225. Yarihicani

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3860; Site type: 8

Modern land use: None; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: F

Notes: This site is typical of small, natural or artificial rockpiles that were used by post-Tiwanaku populations as cemetery sites. In this case, we found a single, low rise with at least five cist tombs exposed on the sides and top. The cists are too badly looted to determine size. In many cases, only a few rocks from the stone lined cist were notable. There is no evidence of habitation on this site.

226. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3860; Site type: 12; Surface artifact density:1-10

Modern land use: Disturbed plaza area and habitation; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: F

Notes: This site originally consisted of this modern habitation area with a scatter of Altiplano period pottery and a cemetery 100 meters to the southeast. We have since separated the cemetery into a separate site numbered 476. Site 226 is obliterated except for the scatter of sherds in the plaza.

227. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: F

Notes: This site consists of five type 2 mounds in an area of approximately 50 x 100 meters. Each mound measures about 20 meters on a side. The site is located about 60 meters from the Rio Seco on the limit between the communities of Moya and Suancata.

228. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: G

Notes: This site consists of a solitary two-meter high type 2 mound. The mound is approximately 20 x 20 meters in dimension. It is not obviously disturbed although we found some human bones on the surface. We collected a Sillumocco fragment of a fiber-tempered incensario. We also collected some basalt and chert cores and flakes. The site represents a rare example of a Sillumocco period type 2 habitation site.

229. unnamed

Topographical location: Foot of hill in pampa

Altitude: 3855; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: G

Notes: This site is located on low river terraces 150 meters from the Rio Salado. This site measures approximately 20 x 20 meters. There is no visible architecture or mounds. We also collected andesite hoes and some utilized chert flakes.

230. Gintilipata

Topographical location: Low hill at base of hill

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: F

Notes: These two low hills have four slab-cist tombs and at least five cist tombs. The slab-cists measure approximately 1.00 meters in diameter and the cist tombs are approximately 0.70 meters wide.

231. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: This single mound site has at least one almost completely destroyed intrusive cist tomb on the top. The habitation mound and the tomb most likely represent a habitation and tomb area in the Altiplano period.

232. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 12; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Site size category: Unknown; Modern land use: Habitation, plaza; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: The site is a small plaza for a modern house cluster. It is totally destroyed. We noted a number of ceramic on the surface.

233. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: G

Notes: This site consists of five, probably six low type 2 mounds with intrusive slab-cist tombs. The mounds cover an area of approximately 1.0 hectares, the westernmost one being about 150 meters from the Rio Salado. There are at least 20 slab-cists that average about one meter in diameter each. We collected each mound separately. It is possible that the Late Horizon sherds are from the intrusive tombs in Altiplano period mounds. Two sherds was insufficient to assign a Late Horizon date, however.

234. Rio Salado

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: G

Principal occupations: Altiplano, Late Horizon

Notes: This site consists of three type 2 mounds approximately 100 meters west of the Rio Salado. There are no intrusive tombs evident from these mounds. We collected each mound separately. The first two mounds are purely Altiplano period in date, while the third mound continued to be occupied in the Late Horizon as well. Two Early Colonial sherds is insufficient to suggest an occupation.

235. Carpayu

Topographical location: Pampa near river

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: G

Notes: This site consists of at least four type 2 mounds with intrusive tombs, a two-meter diameter round chulpa, and a relatively high density artifact scatter all of which are found in an area of about one hectare. The mounds were collected together. There were no artifacts associated with the chulpa. Several basalt hoes and flakes were noted but not collected.

236. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: F

Notes: The site consists of at least three low gradient terraces near the village of Caspa. There are also two destroyed chulpa bases just below the terraces. The chulpas are circular and average 2.50 meters in diameter. They are built with fieldstones. We collected the ceramic fragments from the domestic terraces on the site.

237. unnamed

Topographical location: Low hill on pampa

Altitude: 3840; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: F

Notes: This site is a small natural ovoid-shaped rise approximately 4 x 20 m in dimension that has a large quantity of human bone and badly disturbed cist or slab-cist tombs. It is impossible to determine the size and nature of the tombs, as they are very badly looted. This site most likely represents a typical Altiplano period cemetery on a low rise next to the pampa.

238. unnamed

Topographical location: Foothill to pampa transition

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: F

Notes: This cemetery is located on a very low natural rise at the foothills near Caspa. The site consists of at least five slab-cist tombs and one looted cist tomb. We also noted on one slab-cist tomb the remains of a recent pago: a broken Inca Kola bottle, a broken ceramic olla and other glass artifacts.

239. unnamed

Topographical location: Foothills; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: F

Principal occupations: Altiplano

Notes: This site consists of a low hill with at least two slab-cist tombs. Along with 238, this sites represents Altiplano period burials along the fringe of the Moyopampa.

240. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3855; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: G

Notes: This site could actually be divided into three separate sites. It includes five mounds or tombs spread over four hectares. One of the areas had two chulpas, 2.50 meters in diameter, that were round and built out of fieldstones. The site represents a principally Altiplano period habitation and cemetery area with a Late Horizon habitation and/or cemetery on one of the mounds.

241. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: This site consists of four small type 2 mounds spread over approximately 1.0 hectares. Each mound is approximately 10 meters in diameter. We collected three of these mounds separately. This site area therefore most likely represents a small hamlet that was founded in the Altiplano period and continued on to the Early Colonial period.

242. Misouyi

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3860; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: This typical type 2 mound measures approximately 20 x 20 meters in size.

243. Palermo Pampa

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: This site consists of 14 mounds, most of which were typical type 2 mounds, and a few that appear to be rockpiles. The site covers an area of about 70 x 70 meters. Most of the mounds are round, some are irregular. The mounds are high, with several reaching 2.0 meters in height. Like many other mounds in the pampa, these habitations are in an old raised field area. There were a number of sherds and lithics on the surface. We collected the area as a whole. We noted the existence of hoes and flakes.

The site appears to be a small Altiplano period village on, or at the edge of a major raised field zone. The site does not have a Late Horizon occupation. The Early Colonial sherds could be from intrusive tombs, but the site was too badly disturbed to determine this with any certainty.

244. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: This single type 2 mound has at least two intrusive cist tombs.

245. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: This site is a low, rockpile probably on a low rise. This rise has at least four slab-cist tombs and several destroyed with cist tombs.

246. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: This small (5 x 5 meter) type 2 mound is located about 20 meters from the Rio Salado.

247. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3860; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This small (5 x 5 meters) type 2 mound is located about 150 meters from the Rio Salado.

248. Kauya Punko

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3870; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: F

Notes: This site is a low type 2 mound with a number of slab-cist tombs.

249. C'amac Apacheta

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: J

Notes: This low hill has at least 15 slab-cist and cist tombs. The cist tombs range in diameter from 0.30 - 0.50 meters. The slab-cists measure approximately 1.0 meters.

250. unnamed

Topographical location: Low hill

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This cemetery is located on a low hill above the pampa. It is a typical post-Tiwanaku cemetery with at least 20 cist tombs and a number of slab-cists.

251. Tisnachuro

Topographical location: Low hilltop in pampa

Altitude: 3890

Site type: 8; Modern land use: Agriculture

Disturbance: Severe; Map location: J

Notes: This is a small hill in the pampa with a small (5 x 15 meter) cemetery area. It is a very typical post-Tiwanaku burial location. We found one circular chulpa base, 2.5 meters in diameter, and several badly looted cist and slab-cist tombs. All of the non-diagnostics were post-Tiwanaku, pre-Early Colonial in date.

252. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type:2 or 6; Surface artifact density:1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: The site is located in the pampa in a plowed agricultural field. It is impossible to determine if the site is a type 2 mound that has been plowed under, of if it was originally a type 6 site. There is no visible architecture and we found only a scatter of artifacts in an approximate 20 x 20 meter area. The site most likely represents a small Inca period household in the pampa similar to the house structures found today.

253. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: J

Notes: This site consists of a small cemetery area with an indeterminate number of slab-cist and cist tombs.

254. Phiñuta

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: I

Notes: The site is a high cemetery area with three fieldstone, round chulpas, at least three slab-cist, and several cist tombs. The chulpas are approximately 2.5 meters in diameter and the slab-cist are approximately 1.0 meters. The cists are very badly disturbed. There was a surprisingly high density of ceramic material on the site raising the possibility that there was also an undiscovered habitation zone.

255. unnamed

Topographical location: Foothills

Altitude: 3860; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: I

Notes: This domestic hillside terrace site has no surviving architecture and is badly disturbed in some areas. The site area is small, approximately 25 x 40 meters in size and covers only two domestic terraces.

256. Kirinusu

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: I

Notes: This typical post-Tiwanaku cemetery sits near the top of a hill. In an area of about 15 x 20 meters we found one possible slab-cist tomb and at least 10 cist tombs. The cist tombs averaged about 0.70 meters in mouth diameter. We collected a complete Pucarani olla from one of the recently looted cist tombs.

257. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10; Map location: I

Modern land use: Abandoned habitation, agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate;

Notes: The site consists of abandoned household structures with a scatter of Early Colonial pottery.

258. Challapampa

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 3840; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: I

Notes: Challapampa is located on a low, flat crest between two rivers. The site is at least one hectare in size, and probably larger. A series of low gradient rises that were probably aboriginal terraces are found moving up the site. There is considerable pitting of this site for sand and modern house building. The landscape has been severely modified over the centuries. Our impression of this particular site is that it was a major Tiwanaku center, possibly of resettled local inhabitants.

259. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: I

Notes: This site consists of one large, circular chulpa 4.0 meters in diameter and at least 5 cist tombs 0.60 meters in average diameter. There is also an abandoned Colonial structure with wine cellars still partially preserved. The site appears to be an Altiplano period cemetery with perhaps some later use by Late Horizon and/or Early Colonial populations.

260. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3975; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: I

Notes: This single chulpa is circular in form and measures 3.0 meters in diameter. It is made with fieldstones.

261. El Molino

Topographical location: Low hilltop

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: I

Notes: The site of El Molino is built on a low, linear hill in the Molino section of the survey zone. It covers an area of about 1 - 2 hectares. The site is close to the Rio Molino. It is in a centralized location with a substantial and long occupation throughout the sequence. There is no surviving architecture from the site and no evidence of corporate constructions. This site most likely represents one of the largest non-elite settlements in the Early Sillumocco and Tiwanaku periods. This large village site represents one of the most important settlements in the Molino zone, and was an important site in the entire survey area.

262. unnamed

Topographical location: River edge

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 12; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Abandoned Early Colonial structure; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: I

Notes: This is one of several Colonial grain mills in the El Molino area.

263. Chaullanuyo

Topographical location: Hillside near quebrada

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: This site consists of two chulpas in a quebrada hillside. There is no evidence of domestic occupation. The chulpas are circular and have diameters of 2.50 meters.

264. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: I

Notes: This small site is found on a low hillside. The site measures no more than 20 x 30 meters and most likely represents a single household in the Early Colonial period. It is associated with site 265, 302, and 303 on the same ridge system and represents the northernmost site of this settlement cluster.

265. Khutipata

Topographical location: Flat hilltop or "upland pampa"

Altitude: 3870; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: I

Notes: This site contains at least 12 rockpiles over an area of about 1.5 hectares. These rockpiles have slab-cist and cist tombs cut into their sides and tops. We collected four mounds out of the approximate dozen on the site. All of these rockpiles are cultural, but their origin and function remains problematic. The tombs appear to be largely Altiplano period in date. This site is located between site 264, 302 and 303 on a ridge or hill in the Molino pampa. This site most likely is a cemetery area associated with these other sites.

266. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: F

Notes: This single rockpile mound has 2 looted cist tombs. This is a typical Altiplano period burial technique. The ovoid mound is approximately 5 x 10 meters in size.

267. Pampa de Pucara

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8 or 2/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: This site consists of four mounds located on the southern side of Pucara Juli over an area of approximately 0.50 hectares. The mounds are approximately 5 x 5 meters in size. It is difficult to determine if the mounds are collapsed structures with intrusive tombs or if they are low, natural mounds with tombs on top. The mounds have at least five slab-cist tombs and at least 13 cist tombs with associated Altiplano period ceramics. The slab-cist tombs are about 1.50 meters in diameter. The mounds were collected separately. This site also has a rare Archaic component that is probably a butchering station.

268. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa next to river

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: J

Notes: This single, isolated slab-cist tomb measures 1.60 meters in diameter. It is a typical slab-cist, built with fieldstones. There were no ceramic or lithic artifacts near the tomb.

269. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa near river

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: J

Notes: This cemetery consists of at least four looted cist tombs on a low, natural, gravely rise in the pampa.

270. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: J

Notes: This site consists of an elongated ridge with slab-cist tombs on lower terraces and adjacent pampa land with type 2 mounds and rockpiles with intrusive tombs. There are at least five slab-cist tombs and at least eight mounds. The slab-cists are average 1.50 meters in diameter.

271. Anko Ake

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: J

Notes: This type 2 mound measures approximately 20 x 20 meters. The site is composed of approximately eight looted cist tombs on top of a low mound in the pampa near the Rio Salado. All ceramic material is Tiwanaku. The site is apparently a Tiwanaku mound with intrusive tombs, all of which date to the Tiwanaku period.

272. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 2/4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: I

Notes: This small pampa site consists of small type 2 mound next to a low hillside with terraces. There are intrusive cist tombs on the mound. There is no standing architecture. The mound and terraces are most likely contemporary. This site represents a small hamlet in the Altiplano and Late Horizon periods.

273. unnamed

Topographical location: Low hill

Altitude: 3830; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Severe; ; Map location: I

Notes: This low hill has a number of low rockpiles with slab-cist and cist tombs. All are severely disturbed. There is no apparent habitation area on this site. The rockpiles appear to have been collected to clear the fields for agriculture. This activity would have therefore taken place prior to the construction of intrusive tombs either early in the Late Horizon or before.

274. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: I

Principal occupations: Altiplano, Late Horizon

Notes: This site is very similar to 273 with a series of rockpile mounds and intrusive tombs. We collected four of the at least six mounds and recovered a very high density of Late Horizon fragments. The mounds are badly disturbed and were used as fill for road construction. This apparently explains the high density of sherds on the surface.

275. Patjata

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: I

Notes: This site consists of 3 - 4 slab-cist tombs, approximately 2.00 meters in diameter. There is no habitation associated with these tombs.

276. Chihuiñuso

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Village; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: I

Notes: This modern village on top of a low ridge covers a Late Horizon occupation. The site has contemporary domestic terraces. It is located between the Quebrada Carancani and Quebrada Chihuiñuso.

277. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture and abandoned habitation; Disturbance: Moderate

Map location: I

Notes: This site has one rectangular abandoned structure that may be Early Colonial in date. The structures measures 3 x 5 meters. The site is next to the Quebrada Chihuiñuso.

278. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use:Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: I

Notes: There are ten abandoned structures that measure between 3 x 5 to 5 x 8 meters in size. Several of these are probably Early Colonial in date.

279. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 0

Modern land use:Agriculture/habitation;Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: I

Notes: No collections were possible at this site.

280. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 0

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: L

Principal occupations: Unknown

Notes: No collections were possible at this site.

281. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4050; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: This cemetery includes ten slab-cist and two circular chulpa tombs. The slab-cist are approximately 1.00 meters in diameter and the chulpas measure 2.5 meters in diameter.

282. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4275; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: The site consists of two Inca structures with an associated, 3-meter diameter circular chulpa. The structures are 3.0 x 4.0 meters and 2.5 x 4.0 meters in size and are built with fieldstones. The structures are notably different from other abandoned ones in the region and are most likely Pre-Colonial. The chulpa is built with fieldstone.

283. unnamed

Topographical location: Ridgetop

Altitude: 4150; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: This site is located on a ridgetop. It is a typical Altiplano period cemetery consisting of at least ten slab-cist tombs. These tombs average 1.00 meter in diameter and are built with fieldstones.

284. unnamed

Topographical location: low gradient hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 1/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: I

Principal occupations: Tiwanaku, Altiplano, Early Colonial

Notes: This is an odd site. It is the only type 1 site not located near the lake edge. It is a the form of a small "U" and measures only about 15 meters on the long axis side. The projecting "arms" of the "U" are approximately 4.0 meters long from the back of the mound. It is not a product of collapsed domestic structures but appears to be intentionally constructed in this form. On top of the mounds are a series intrusive tombs. There are 12 slab-cist tombs and at least two cist tombs. The slab-cists are approximately 0.80 meters in diameter. This site is best interpreted as a Tiwanaku construction with a subsequent post-Tiwanaku re-use, either as a cemetery area or habitation. The mound built in this form is reminiscent of the east mound at Tumatumani (001)

285. Morohawí

Topographical location: Low gradient hilltop

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: I

Principal occupations: Late Horizon, Early Colonial

Notes: This site consists of a low hilltop with at least one existing chulpa base and at least ten rockpiles covering possible chulpa or slab-cist tomb bases. The chulpa is 2.0 meters in diameter.

286. Maurijawi

Topographical location: Base of hill near river

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance: Moderate to severe; Map location: K

Notes: This site consists of a modern household on a domestic terrace, a low natural hill approximately 40 meters in diameter with at least two cist tombs, and a group of cist tombs adjacent to the Rio Molino. The site is a Late Horizon and Early Colonial settlement near the Rio Molino.

287. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3975; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: K

Notes: This site consists of a series of domestic terraces and associated slab-cist and chulpa tombs. The site covers an area of about 0.4 hectares. There are at least four slab-cists that measure between 1.20 and 4.00 meters in diameter. There is also a single, circular chulpa that measures 2.50 meters in diameter. Along with 304, 305, 306 and possibly 286, this site is part of a settlement cluster in the Combes region.

288. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3990; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: The site consists of three domestic terraces and an associated chulpa. The chulpa is circular, 3.0 meters in diameter, and is constructed with fieldstones.

289. Ccauhua-Itajsawi

Topographical location: Hillside near top

Altitude: 3980; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: K

Notes: This site consists of three domestic terraces that measure approximately 10 x 40 meters. Near the site are two groups of abandoned houses.

290. unnamed

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: I

Notes: The site is at the intersection of two quebradas. It consists of domestic terrace habitation areas, tombs, and some standing abandoned structures that date to the Early Colonial period. There are approximately five slab-cist tombs that average 0.70 meters in diameter. There are three standing structures that measure 3.0 x 4.0 meters in size.

291. Toquebaya

Topographical location: Hillside and hilltop

Altitude: 4125; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: I

Notes: This site is a typical type 4 site. There is, however, a curious circular stone structure that measures approximately 12 meters in diameter. Such structures are rare in the region. There are some relatively large structures on Altiplano period sites that measures around six meters, but reach this size. On the site of H'anco Vilque (333) there are some large circular structures as well.

292. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4100; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: I

Notes: This site is small Early Colonial household located in the puna. It represents a number of small households in this period that exploited the pasture lands above the lake area.

293. unnamed

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: I

Notes: This site consists of an abandoned house with a scatter of Early Colonial and Late Horizon sherds. The structure is small measuring 2.0 x 3.5 meters in dimension.

294. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3860; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: I

Notes: This site consists of ten type 2 mounds on the Molino pampa. There are intrusive tombs on the mounds. This settlement represents a significant Altiplano through Early Colonial occupation on the pampa approximately 0.5 kilometers from the lake.

295. Morjoaua Chamacuyu

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: The site consists of two abandoned structures that may be Early Colonial in date. There are at least two below ground cist tombs at the corner of the house structure. This site is associated with 298.

296. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: This site consists of an abandoned structure with associated Early Colonial pottery.

297. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4050; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: The site consists of several abandoned structures with associated Early Colonial and Late Horizon pottery.

298. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: This cemetery site is found on a long ridge. There are three chulpas that measure 3.0 meters in diameter. They are circular and built on fieldstones.

299. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4100; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: The site consists of two abandoned structures that measure 2.0 x 3.5 meters in size. This site represents a high altitude settlement continually occupied from the Altiplano to Early Colonial period.

300. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4100; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 51-100

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: This site is a major high altitude settlement occupied from the Late Horizon to the Early Colonial period. Two habitation areas are characterized by a domestic terrace without structures and an area with three abandoned structures. The structures measure approximately 6.0 x 10.0 meters. The two slab-cists measure 2.0 meters in diameter. The chulpa is circular and is 4.0 meters in diameter.

301. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop and hillside

Altitude: 4150; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: This site is located in the puna on a hill above a quebrada. There are two abandoned structures on the site. This site represents a herding area hamlet that was founded in the Altiplano period and occupied up to modern times.

302. unnamed

Topographical location: Low hilltop

Altitude: 3880; Site type: 2/6/8; Surface artifact density: 51-100

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: I

Notes: This site is located on a flat hilltop above the Molino pampa. It consists of a number of rockpile mounds with intrusive tombs (not collected), a substantial habitation zone (1), isolated slab-cist tombs (2), and a habitation area without architecture (3). There are at least nine rockpile and/or type 2 mounds associated with these habitation areas. It is located approximately 400 meters south of site 265 on the same ridge or hilltop. Likewise, site 264 is found on the northern edge of this settlement cluster and 303 is on the south. Each of the three main sectors of this settlement (302) could have been assigned separate site designations, but they appear to belong to a discrete settlement along this hill.

303. unnamed

Topographical location: Low hilltop

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: I

Notes: Site 303 is on the same low hill as sites 264, 265, and 302. This small site consists of at least one domestic terrace with at least nine cist tombs. The site represents a small Altiplano period occupation associated with three other sites. The cist tombs are large and measure approximately 1.0 meters in diameter.

304. Combes

Topographical location: Hillside to hilltop

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: This large domestic terrace is associated with sites 287, 305, and 306. It is a substantial settlement located about 300 meters from the modern village of Combes.

305. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside near quebrada

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: This domestic terrace site has a high density of Early Colonial and Late Horizon sherds with an associated cemetery area along the sides of the hill. The tombs are all circular cist tombs that measure approximately 1.10 meters in diameter. There are approximately ten cist tombs and only Early Colonial pottery was collected from this cemetery area. Along with 287, 304, 306, 307 and possibly 286, this site is part of a settlement cluster in the Combes region.

306. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance:Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: This small domestic terrace site is typical of the Late Horizon occupations in the region. It is located on a hillside between two small quebradas and consists of two small terraces. There appears to be an Altiplano period occupation as well. We note that four Pacajes pieces were collected from this site. Along with 287, 304, 305, 307 and possibly 286, this site is part of a post-Tiwanaku settlement cluster in the Combes region.

307. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: This site consists of low domestic terraces and at least eight "igloo" type chulpas (Hyslop 1977:xxx). The chulpas average two meters in diameter. The habitation and cemetery areas were interspersed and we could not collect them separately. It is possible that this site was originally was a cemetery for Altiplano period populations and subsequently used as a residential area in the Late Horizon and Early Colonial period.

308. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: K

Notes: The site sits in an intensively cultivated area. Terraces today measure approximately 20 x 20 meters and have Early Colonial and Late Horizon pottery spread over an area of almost 1.0 hectares.

309. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: K

Notes: This cemetery contains at least five circular, fieldstone chulpas that measure approximately 2.0 meters in diameter. The chulpas are found in a small area of less than 10 x 20 meters.

310. Palluni

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8/12; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: K

Notes: This site contains the only standing Inca colcas in the survey zone. The colcas are classic rectangular ones characterized by an exterior wall that measures 4.0 x 12.0 meters. There is a possible door on the southeast side of the structure. There were regular internal divisions. The structure is remarkably well preserved. There was no ceramic material near the colca. The site also had four circular, fieldstone chulpa bases, two of which were 5.0 meters in diameter, and two that were 3.0 meters in diameter. We collected only two Pucarani plainwares and seven non-diagnostics near the chulpas as well.

311. Calataqui

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: K

Principal occupations: Altiplano

Notes: This single slab-cist tomb measures 2.0 meters in diameter. It is made with fieldstones.

312. unnamed

Topographical location: Side of quebrada

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: This site consists of several domestic terraces that measure approximately 20 x 50 meters in size. There are modern structures on the terraces today interspersed between agricultural plots. One circular, fieldstone chulpa, at least three slab-cists and a number of looted cist tombs are found on the terraces as well. The site represents an Altiplano and Early Colonial period occupation. Given the substantial sherd density and our relatively large collection, we are certain that there is no Late Horizon occupation on the site.

313. unnamed

Topographical location: Side of quebrada

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: This site consists of at least six terraces of at least 20 x 40 meters in size with a scattering Altiplano through Early Colonial sherds. There is no standing architecture.

314. Palyuma

Topographical location: Side of quebrada

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: K

Notes: This site consists of a group of abandoned structures and a single, igloo type chulpa on a number of terraces.

315. unnamed

Topographical location: Side of quebrada

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation and corral; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: K

Notes: This is a small domestic terrace sites adjacent to a quebrada.

316. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: None; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: This cemetery site consists of at least six slab-cist tombs with diameters of 1.50 to 2.00 meters. This is a typical post-Tiwanaku above ground cemetery on a hillside.

317. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance:Moderate;Map location: K

Notes: This site includes a large number of dispersed terraces found along the Quebrada Palluma. Sherd density is low. This area probably represents a series of small households that were located along this quebrada bottom.

318. Tocone

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Modern land use: Agriculture

Surface artifact density: 1-10; Disturbance: Minimal; ; Map location: K

Notes: This site consists of a single, small domestic terrace (20 x 20 meters) with an associated single slab-cist tomb 1.50 meters in diameter.

319. Marahu Morojahua Chico

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4100; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: K

Notes: This small domestic terrace (20 x 40 meters) has an associated single circular chulpa, 1.50 meters in diameter, and three cist tombs.

320. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Intensive agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: K

Notes: The site consists of three abandoned house clusters with associated Early Colonial and Late Horizon artifacts. Approximately 100 meters to the south is a single, fieldstone, square chulpa with associated Late Horizon and Altiplano period pottery. The chulpa measures 4.0 x 4.0 meters in dimension.

321. Tihuta

Topographical location: pampa near river

Altitude: 3850; Surface artifact density: 11-50; Site type: 4/7/8

Modern land use: Intensive agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: L

Notes: This Early Sillumocco and Early Colonial site is located on a ridge spur between the Quebrada Sihuayro and the Rio Pecaruna. The site is characterized by a low hill with domestic terraces and associated cist tombs. All of the tombs are looted and it is impossible to determine if the tombs are Early Colonial intrusives or if they are Early Sillumocco in date. The site is essentially a low natural hill with low domestic terraces. There is no extant architecture.

322. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use:Agriculture/habitation;Disturbance:Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: This site consists of a single, abandoned structure that measures approximately 4.0 x 8.0 meters. A small scatter of Early Colonial and Late Horizon pottery was found on the surface.

323. Vilcallami

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 4/6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use:Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: I

Notes: The site is located approximately 100 meters from the lake. It is built on a low hillslope that falls into the lake. There are at least six long terraces that measure 200 meters. This site, and #332, were left off of map block I in error. There should be a small projection of the map into the lake the area. The sites are located adjacent to the lake the far southeast side of block I.

324. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: This small site consists of at least four abandoned structures with a scatter of Early Colonial and Late Horizon pottery. The terraces are small, measuring approximately 20 x 20 meters in size.

325. Tonkoni

Topographical location: High pampa

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: This is a single, fieldstone chulpa. It is circular in shape and is 2.5 meters in diameter.

326. unnamed

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 3890; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: There are two clusters of abandoned structures with associated Early Colonial pottery. Two Late Horizon fragments suggest a Late Horizon date as well. The site represents a small hamlet.

327. unnamed

Topographical location: Low hilltop, hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 51-100

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: L

Notes: This small Tiwanaku and Altiplano period site is found is located on a low hill about 50 meters from a small quebrada. There is no surface architecture on the site with the exception of abandoned domestic terraces now use for agriculture. The site is within 300 meters of the lake edge. This hamlet is noteworthy because it is a small residential site without any evidence of corporate architecture. The site most likely represents one of the several local hamlets in the Tiwanaku settlement system.

328. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside to base of hill

Altitude: 4075; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: H

Notes: This site consists of at least four, round slab-cist tombs that range between 1.0 and 1.5 meters in diameter. They are all built with uncut andesite stone. The site represents an Early Colonial cemetery using indigenous tomb styles.

329. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4050; Site type:4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, recent habitation; Disturbance: Moderate

Map location: H

Notes: This site is located on some low terraces and is associated with a recently abandoned structure. All of the non-diagnostics were Late Horizon and Altiplano period in date. The site most likely represents a small, high altitude hamlet during the Late Horizon and Altiplano periods.

330. Chiapata

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate to Severe; Map location: K

Notes: The site consists of some recently abandoned and modern structures with an associated small cemetery. The habitation area is small, approximately 100 m2. About 50 meters south is the cemetery area consisting of a destroyed chulpa and the remains of at least three looted cist tombs. The chulpa was round, 2.0 meters in diameter and built with fieldstones.

331. unnamed

Topographical location: Low hillside

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: This site consists of a number of modern structures, abandoned structures immediately adjacent and three domestic terraces below the structures. The terraces are approximately 60 meters apart. On the terrace walls are the remains of at least 15 cist tombs. This is a rare pattern for tomb placement in the survey area. The abandoned structures are either Early Colonial in date or are sitting on an Early Colonial and Late Horizon occupation. The terrace tombs are almost certainly the cemetery area associated with this habitation. The two areas were collected separately, but unfortunately the collection bag for the cemetery bag was misplaced.

332. unnamed

Topographical location: Low hillside to foothills

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: I

Notes: This site is located near the lake and consists of a series of very low terraces. There is no surviving architecture. The site represents a small lakeside hamlet in the Late Horizon and Altiplano periods.

333. Hanco Vilque

Topographical location: Hillside, foothills

Altitude: 4100; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, pasture and habitation; Disturbance: Moderate

Map location: H

Notes: Hanco Vilque is the highest pre-Altiplano period site in the survey area. It measures approximately 150 x 150 meters in size. The site consists of at least four large (approximately 15 x 50 meters), artificial terraces that descend on to a set of existing round structures. These round structures measure approximately 20 meters in diameter. Associated with this habitation area are at least two separate cemetery areas. In one cemetery area there are at least ten cist tombs that average between 0.60 to 1.20 meters in diameter. This area was collected and we found only Tiwanaku pottery. There is also a single, round, 1.20 meter diameter chulpa built with fieldstones. We discovered no associated ceramic artifacts with the chulpa.

This site is significant because it is located in the puna. The large round structures most likely date to the last major occupation of the site, the Altiplano period. The round shape of the structures is consistent with similar domestic residences on other major Altiplano period sites. Hanco Vilque represents a high altitude, pastoral site during the Early Sillumocco through Altiplano periods.

334. Huayhueco

Topographical location: Hilltop and ridge

Altitude: 4150; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: H

Notes: This small site consists of 11 abandoned and collapsed structures that most likely date to the Early Colonial period.

335. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: E

Notes: This small site consists of a single abandoned and collapsed structure that probably dates to the Early Colonial period. There is also a square chulpa that measures 2.0 x 2.0 meters. The chulpa is located directly adjacent to the habitation area of the site.

336. Circuata

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: L

Notes: This site is located about 250 meters from the edge of lake Titicaca. The site is built on the edge of a low hill that descends to the lake shore. The site consists of at least six long domestic terraces. There is no evidence of corporate architecture. The site represents a non-elite, local habitation site in the Tiwanaku through Inca periods.

337. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: L

Notes: The site consists of a series of long domestic terraces on a hill spur that juts toward the lake. The site represents an intense Late Horizon occupation along the lake edge with a less intensive Early Colonial and Altiplano period one. It is very similar to site 336 with the exception that there is no Tiwanaku occupation.

338. Lakaque

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Garbage dump and gravel mine; Disturbance: Severe

Map location: L

Notes: About half of this site has been destroyed by a large gravel mine located next to the Puno-Desaguadero highway. The gravel pits have been subsequently used to dump the garbage for the town of Pomata. We collected a very fine sample of ceramics from the relatively intact section of the site that is located above the pits. Originally, the site would be virtually identical in topography to 337 characterized by a series of domestic terraces facing the lake.

339. unnamed

Topographical location: Lake shore

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: L

Notes: This small, type 2 mound is located about 30 meters from the lake shore. It consists a single, collapsed structure and collected fieldstones with associated Altiplano period ceramic fragments. The mound is about ten meters in diameter. The site most likely represents a collapsed structure that was subsequently used to pile rocks from the cleaning of the agricultural fields. There is no evidence of intrusive tombs on the mound.

340. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: L

Notes: This site consists of a series of low domestic terraces that rise out of the pampa. The site represents a small Late Horizon and Early Colonial settlement. Approximately 150 to the southeast is the Tiwanaku and Late Horizon site 341.

341. unnamed

Topographical location: Base of hill, hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: L

Notes: This site is located about 150 meters southeast of site 340. It measures approximately 100 x 100 meters along the base of a low hill above the Rio Chachacomami. The site represents a large village site in the Tiwanaku and Late Horizon periods with an associated cemetery. The cemetery has exclusively below ground cist tombs. There are at least ten looted cist tombs associated with associated Late Horizon and Tiwanaku pottery. The site represents a typical Late Horizon local village and one of the several type 4 local villages in the Tiwanaku period.

342. Takape

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture/habitation; Disturbance: Moderate to Severe

Map location: L

Notes: This site is one of the principal Early Sillumocco sites in the survey without evidence of corporate architecture. The site is located on a low ridge between two watercourses: the Rio Chachacomami and the Rio Takape. The site is found on the top and sides of the crest between these two rivers. It is characterized by rounded, mound-like appearance that was produced by the collapse of the Early Sillumocco period structures. The architecture of the site appears to have been tightly compact and agglutinated in plan, with a possible central court in the center of a number of domestic structures.

343. Campanapata

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: L

Notes: This small scatter of sherds is located on a low ridge due southeast of site 342. It represents a small Late Horizon hamlet. The single Tiwanaku sherd is compelling, but inconclusive. It is associated with the cemetery site 344.

344. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: L

Notes: This site is probably the cemetery site associated with the habitations in site 343. This site (344) is located approximately 150 meters from 343. There are actually two cemetery areas, separated by a distance of approximately 80 meters. Both areas have exclusively below ground cist tombs. There is a possibility of a Tiwanaku occupation on this ridge that the survey missed, although the two sherds on each of these sites is inadequate to assign such an occupation.

345. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: L

Notes: This site is a very small (approximately 40 x 50 meters) but dense scatter of sherds. It is located about one kilometer away from the lake shore in the pampa below the village of Chachacomani. There is no visible architecture on the site. This site most likely represents a small hamlet in the Tiwanaku and Late Horizon periods. No Altiplano period diagnostics were found on the site in spite of the high number of artifacts on the surface.

346. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Moderate;

Map location: L

Notes: This site consists of five type 2 mounds in an area of about 50 x 50 meters. The site represents the collapsed structures of a hamlet occupied from the Altiplano period to the present day. There are some possible intrusive tombs in the mounds, but there is insufficient surface evidence to determine this with certainty.

347. Tisihua

Topographical location: Low hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: L

Notes: This domestic terrace site covers an area of about one hectare. It consists at least three levels of domestic terraces that have been converted into planting terraces. The site is on the first low hill near the lake (approximately 300 meters). It represents a local village site from the Early Sillumocco through Late Horizon periods. There is no surviving architecture.

348. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Unutilized; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: L

Notes: This site is located at the fork of two small quebradas. It is an average sized domestic terrace site and represents a hamlet or small village in the Altiplano through Early Colonial periods.

349. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Moderate

Map location: L

Notes: This local Formative through Altiplano period site is located very close to the lake (approximately 100 meters) on a low hillside with domestic terraces. There are at least 4-5 looted cist tombs on the site as well. It is impossible to determine the age of the tombs from the surface artifacts. This site represents a local village population in the Tiwanaku period, and a hamlet or small village in the Early Sillumocco and Altiplano periods.

350. Tutacane

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4025; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: This is a typical Late Horizon and Early Colonial large village site. There are at least three levels of terraces, probably more, that contain a scatter of Late Horizon and Early Colonial sherds over a wide area of at least one hectare.

351. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4050; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: This puna site is located about 30 meters above the Quebrada Carancani. It consists of at least three levels of domestic terraces and one round, fieldstone chulpa. This chulpa is 3.0 meters in diameter. The site represents a small village site and/or hamlet occupied from the Altiplano period to the present.

352. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside, side of quebrada

Altitude: 4050; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: This domestic terrace site represents a small village site and/or hamlet occupied from the Late Horizon to the present.

353. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture

Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: E

Notes: This domestic terrace site represents a small village site and/or hamlet occupied from at least the Early Colonial period to the present. The density of surface artifacts was surprisingly low.

354. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: L

Notes: This cemetery site consists of at least five slab-cist tombs, 1.50 meters in average diameter. The site is located along the side of a low hill near the top.

355. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside to quebrada bottom

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: L

Notes: This small domestic terrace site represents a small village site and/or hamlet occupied from the Altiplano period to the Early Colonial period. The site has at least three rows of terraces with associated scatters of ceramic artifacts.

356. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 8

Surface artifact density: 1-10; Modern land use: Agriculture

Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: L

Notes: This site consists of several rockpile mounds with slab-cist and cist tombs. The mounds cover an area of about 0.5 hectares.

357. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: L

Notes: This dispersed site consists of only well plowed agricultural fields and dispersed artifacts. There is no surviving architecture. It is impossible to determine if the site was originally pampa mounds that have been plowed under or if there was other, more complex architecture.

358. unnamed

Topographical location:

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: L

Notes: This small domestic terrace site measures no more than 20 x 20 meters. It represents a small hamlet occupied from the Late Horizon to the Early Colonial period.

359. unnamed

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: L

Principal occupations: Late Horizon

Notes: This small domestic terrace site represents a small hamlet occupied during the Late Horizon.

360. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: L

Notes: This small domestic terrace site measures approximately 50 x 50 meters. It represents a small hamlet or village occupied during the Late Horizon.

361. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: L

Notes: This small domestic terrace site measures no more than 30 x 40 meters. It represents a small hamlet occupied from the Altiplano period and possibly in the Late Horizon as well.

362. unnamed

Topographical location: Base of hill, quebrada

Altitude: 3870; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: L

Notes: This small domestic terrace site measures no more than 20 x 30 meters. It represents a small hamlet occupied from the Altiplano period to the present.

363. unnamed

Topographical location: Quebrada base

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: L

Notes: This Altiplano period cemetery consists of at least six cist tombs that measure about 1.0 meters in diameter. The cemetery area is no more that 10 x 10 meters in size. All tombs are looted. The tombs are about 20 meters from the actual quebrada.

364. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa in quebrada bottom

Altitude: 3870; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: L

Notes: This cemetery site consists of at least ten cist tombs that average 0.80 meters in diameter. All of these looted tombs are concentrated in an area that measures about 100 x 100 meters.

365. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate to Severe; Map location: L

Colonial

Notes: This site is located about 100 meters of the lake edge. It is built at the base of a hill with a chulpa cemetery up the hill side and top. There is no surviving architecture. We located one cemetery area and one major habitation zone. In the cemetery area there are at least ten slab-cist tombs that average at least 0.80 meters in diameter. Site 366 may have also been a cemetery area for this site.

366. Cutipatac

Topographical location: Hillside and hilltop

Altitude: 3850

Site type: 8; Modern land use: Agriculture

Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Notes: This site consists of 14 chulpas and two groups of cist tombs in an area that measures at least 200 x 400 meters. This cemetery is found on top of a ridge that is named Cutipatac. The overwhelming ceramic assemblage is Altiplano and Late Horizon in date. The two Sillumocco sherds are compelling and, along with data from site # 371, they suggest a pre-Altiplano period date for these tombs.

The chulpas are made with fieldstone and are all circular. They range from 2.5 to 4.0 meters in diameter. The cist tombs are all looted and are average 1.0 meters in diameter. This site is a major Altiplano and Late Horizon period cemetery.

367. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: M

Notes: This site is about 400 meters from site 366. It consists of domestic terraces and an indeterminate number of looted cist tombs. This small domestic terrace site represents a small hamlet that probably occupied in the Late Horizon.

368. Huallatani

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3920; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Notes: This cemetery site consists of at least eight cist tombs that average about 0.90 meters in diameter. These tombs are found in a small area of about 50 m2. Approximately 70 meters up the hill is a single chulpa base, circular in form and about 2.30 meters in diameter.

369. Pharuyo

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Notes: This Altiplano period site is located on the side and top of Cerro Cutipatac. It contains at least eight looted cist tombs in two areas that measure less than 100 m2. The tombs average 1.00 meters in diameter.

370. Anatave Pacca

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Notes: This cemetery area measures 2500 m2. Three are three small mounds with cist tombs on the sides and tops. The cist tombs are circular and average about 1.00 meters in diameter. It is possible that these mounds were constructed exclusively for these tombs. This cemetery dates to the Altiplano period.

371. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Notes: This cemetery site measures approximately 15 x 15 meters in size. The site consists of a single low mound with cist tombs. The tombs average 1.00 meters in diameter. The significance of this site is that it serves as evidence for Sillumocco period burials. The small size of the site and the fact that the mound is located on a hilltop, as opposed to the pampa, strongly suggests that the site was never used as a habitation area. Rather, the site most likely represents a burial area used by Sillumocco and Altiplano period populations. The two Late Horizon sherds may represent a post-Altiplano period use of the site as a ceremonial area. These two fragments may represent a Late Horizon use of the site as well, but we would expect that such an occupation would result in a greater number of Late Horizon fragments.

372. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Notes: This domestic terrace site is located on the side of Cerro Cutipatac. There are five cist tombs at the lower edge of the site. This site represents a small hamlet occupied from the Altiplano to the Early Colonial period.

373. Chutami Pampa

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: M

Notes: This hillside domestic terrace site is found on the side of Cerro Cutipatac. There is no surviving architecture but at least one wall with an apparent niche is suggestive of a segment of a habitation wall. The site represents a small village or large hamlet site in the Early Sillumocco period. This site is significant because it is a single component type 4 domestic terrace settlement.

374. Achocallani Parque

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture, pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: P

Notes: This cemetery site is a small mounded area with at least five cist tombs. The tombs are approximately 1.00 meters in diameter.

375. Aceruni Amaya

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3875

Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture

Disturbance: Minimal

Map location: M

Notes: This cemetery consists of a at least 11 fieldstone chulpas that are found on the sides of the hill next to the Chutani Pampa. The site is in the community of Huacani. The area included in this site is approximately 200 x 100 meters. These chulpas are well conserved and some are up to 3.00 meters high. Most are round and range in diameter from 2.00 to 4.00 meters. One chulpa is square in shape and is 2.50 meters on a side. One chulpa has two snake motifs in bas relief. This area represents one of the major Altiplano and Late Horizon period chulpa cemeteries in the survey area. It was first reported by H. Tschopik (1946:506).

376. Japurani Ladera

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: M

Notes: This hamlet dates from the Early Colonial to the present day. There are three moderately sized terraces that measure approximately 10 x 40 meters in size.

377. Challchaque

Topographical location: Pampa next to river

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, road; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Notes: This site is a small Early Colonial hamlet on a domestic terrace with an associated circular, fieldstone terrace. The chulpa measures 3.0 meters in diameter.

378. Waripujo

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: M

Notes: This site is a small Early Colonial and Late Horizon hamlet on a domestic terrace. There is a possible chulpa block incorporated into a modern structure on the site.

379. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 51-100

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Notes: This site area includes extensive domestic terraces with very high density artifact accumulations. We have included this very large area as a single site. The site is Late Horizon in date, the Early Colonial sherds are too few in number for so large an area to definitively establish an occupation.

380. Totorma Winto

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Notes: This site is a small Early Colonial hamlet built on a domestic terrace.

381. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3970; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: P

Notes: This site is a high domestic terrace site with a wide scatter of Late Horizon ceramics. It has a commanding view of the Huacani pampa. The site represents a small village site occupied only in the Late Horizon.

382. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Notes: This site is a small hamlet built on a domestic terrace.

383. Keniwane

Topographical location: Hilltop and hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Early Colonial

Notes: This site consists of a number of terraces approximately 20 x 30 meters each in dimension. The site continues on to the top of the hill. There is no surviving architecture and no evidence for tombs. The site represents a settlement continuously occupied from the earliest occupations in the Formative to the Early Colonial period.

384. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3875; Site type:4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: O

Notes: This site is on the edge of a hillside at near the Huacani Pampa. The site is a small Early Colonial and Altiplano period hamlet built on a domestic terrace. There is a small cemetery associated with the site. It includes at least four cist tombs with average diameters of 0.80 meters. By the distribution of the diagnostic ceramic material, it appears that the tombs are Altiplano and Early Colonial period in date while the habitation area is exclusively Early Colonial.

385. Sacjsullo

Topographical location: Hillside near quebrada

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: O

Notes: This site is a small Late Horizon village built on a series of domestic terraces. There is no surviving architecture.

386. H'anco Amaya

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: O

Notes: This huge cemetery site is located on the hillside of Cerro Chirajo. The site covers an area of approximately 100 x 150 meters. The site contains the remains of at least ten circular, fieldstone chulpas, more than 50 slab-cist tombs, and more than 60 cist tombs. All tombs are looted. This is one of the major Altiplano and Late Horizon cemeteries in the survey area.

387. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: O

Notes: This site is a small Early Colonial and Late Horizon village built on a domestic terrace. There are at least three slab-cist tombs associated with this occupation.

388. Calluchirisa

Topographical location: Hillside and hilltop near quebrada bottom

Altitude: 4075; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: O

Notes: This site is a pure Altiplano period site. There are a few collapsed round structures on the site.

389. Cumbre Kenco

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: O

Notes: This site is a large Early Colonial and Late Horizon hamlet built on a line of domestic terraces.

390. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: O

Notes: This site is a small Early Colonial, Late Horizon and Altiplano period hamlet built on a domestic terrace. There are at least three cist tombs that measure 0.60 meters in diameter.

391. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3920; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: O

Notes: This cemetery site consists of at least one circular chulpa, 2.50 meters in diameter, built with fieldstones and a number of disturbed, below ground cist tombs.

392. Kallpuma

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3920; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: O

Notes: This site is a small Late Horizon and Early Colonial hamlet built on a series of domestic terraces. There is one circular, fieldstone chulpa with a diameter of approximately 2.50 meters.

393. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use:Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location:O

Notes: This site is a small Altiplano period hamlet built on a series of domestic terraces. There are at least six below ground cist tombs associated with the site.

394. Kenco Pacca

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 8

Surface artifact density: 1-10; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: O

Notes: This small site cemetery consists of two round, fieldstone chulpas, approximately 2.0 meters in diameter. There are also at least six cist tombs on the site.

395. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, pasture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: O

Notes: This site is a small Late Horizon and Early Colonial hamlet built on a series of domestic terraces. There are several severely looted cist tombs associated with this site as well.

396. Pichuña

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: M

Notes: This cemetery and habitation site is located on the northern sides of Cerro Pichuña. There are several domestic terraces associated with at least three circular chulpas, five slab-cist tombs and a number of cist tombs. The chulpas are approximately 2.50 meters in diameter. The slab-cist tombs average approximately 1.50 meters in diameter. This site represents a small village begun in the Tiwanaku period and occupied to the present day.

397. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4025; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 0

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: O

Notes: No ceramics were found on the surface of the site.

398. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 1; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Unutilized, rocky hillside; Map location: M

Disturbance: Moderate;

Notes: This is a single, circular chulpa that is approximately 3.0 meters in diameter. It is built with fieldstones.

399. Tockcocahua

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4025; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Notes: This site is a small Altiplano and Tiwanaku village built on two or three domestic terraces. It represents a small village or large hamlet near the Chutani Pampa.

400. Anco Amaya Pata

Topographical location: Hillside and hilltop

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: O

Notes: This site consists of six to eight circular chulpas that average 2.5 meters in diameter. The site is exclusively Altiplano period in date. The chulpas are all fieldstone in date.

401. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: O

Notes: This site is a small Early Colonial and Altiplano period hamlet on approximately three domestic terraces.

402. Taipichuro Ponco

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: O

Notes: This cemetery site consists of ten to 15 looted cist tombs located on the side of a hill. It represents a cemetery utilized from the Altiplano to the Early Colonial period.

403. Mogote

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4100; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture, pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: P

Principal occupations: Late Horizon

Notes: This important site has at least 15 small, round domestic structures. The structures are approximately ten to 15 meters from each other and range from 2.5 to 4.0 meters in diameter. There are also at least three circular, fieldstone chulpas, with diameters of approximately 2.5 meters. The chulpas and the habitation structures are distinguished from each other by the construction techniques and the characteristics of the foundations. This site is significant because it is a single occupation Late Horizon site with domestic architecture that is much more characteristic of the preceding Altiplano period. It therefore constitutes good evidence that the local populations during the Inca occupation continued to build domestic structures in a local, traditional style. This would contrast with sites such as Lundayani, where both round and rectangular structures are found in the Late Horizon.

404. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside, ridgetop

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Notes: This is a domestic terrace site with an associated cemetery containing at least five slab-cist tombs. The slab-cists are small, approximately 0.60 meters in internal diameter. There is one possible visible circular structure on the site. There are at least three domestic terraces.

405. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Notes: This site consists of at least two domestic terraces with at least one associated, looted cist tomb. This small site represents a hamlet during the Altiplano period.

406. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3925; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: M

Notes: This site consists of at least one domestic terrace with Early Colonial and Late Horizon ceramics.

407. Lampa Chico

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 3830; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use:Agriculture, structure; Disturbance: Moderate, Map location: P

Notes: This site is located on the edge of the Lampa Chico at the base of a hill. The site is composed of a large domestic terrace. It represents a small village or large hamlet occupied from the Late Horizon to the present day.

408. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: P

Notes: This is a small site with a Late Horizon and Early Colonial occupation.

409. Moccocollo

Topographical location: Saddle of hill

Altitude: 3970; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, pasture, corral; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: P

Principal occupations: Altiplano, Early Colonial

Notes: This site is located on a high part of the hill. There is a domestic area associated with three round, fieldstone chulpas that measure 1.75 meters, and three cist tombs with diameters of 0.70 meters in mouth diameter.

410. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 6/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: P

Notes: This site is a small post-Tiwanaku habitation and cemetery site near the puna limits. There are at least ten slab-cist tombs approximately 0.80 meters in diameter with dispersed scattering of ceramic artifacts.

411. Pasiri Ajoyani

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 4200; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Pasture, corral; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: N

Notes: This high puna site represents a small hamlet occupied in the Tiwanaku period, Late Horizon and Early Colonial period. It is next to a low, swampy area in the puna.

412. unnamed

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 4200; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Pasture, habitation, corral; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: N

Notes: This site consists of a low domestic terrace in the puna with Early Colonial ceramics. There is a corral on the site at the present day.

413. Totora Cota

Topographical location: Flat hilltop

Altitude: 4200; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This cemetery site consists of seven looted cist tombs. All tombs are less than 1.0 meters in diameter. They are all looted and it is impossible to ascertain the date of the site.

414. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4350; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: J

Notes: This Early Colonial period cemetery consists of four slab-cist tombs and at least 13 looted cist tombs. The slab-cist tombs are large and measure approximately 1.50 meters in diameter. The cist tombs are also large diameter, and measure approximately 1.00 meters.

415. Siguia Jawira

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 4025; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Notes: This small site has a domestic terrace and a single, circular fieldstone chulpa. It has a diameter of approximately 3.0 meters. The Early Colonial ceramic artifacts are not directly associated with the chulpa, but come from the habitation area. There were no artifacts associated with the chulpa.

416. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4100; Site type: 5/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, pasture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: M

Notes: This minor pukara has a domestic terrace and two slab-cist tombs. The tombs have a diameter of approximately 1.0 meter.

417. unnamed

Topographical location: Lakeside hill

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Notes: This small site has two domestic terraces that date to the Late Horizon.

418. Caracachi

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: M

Notes: This site represents a small Altiplano and Late Horizon period hamlet at the base of a hill in the pampa.

419. unnamed

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 3975; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 51-100

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Notes: This small village or large hamlet was founded in the Tiwanaku period and reoccupied in the Late Horizon. There is no surviving architecture. There are at least two domestic terraces.

420. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: M

Notes: This small site consists of one low domestic terrace associated with a single, round, fieldstone chulpa that measures 3.00 meters in diameter.

421. Camino Ccucho

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3865; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: P

Notes: This site consists of at least three lines of terraces approximately 100 meters long. The site represents a small village or hamlet occupied in the Tiwanaku period and reoccupied in the Late Horizon

422. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 51-100

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: M

Notes: This site consists of a number of terraces that are located at the base of a hill in front of the lake. The lake is about 100 meters away. The site represents a small village or hamlet occupied from the Early Sillumocco through Late Horizon periods.

423. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa next to lake.

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: M

Notes: This site consists of a number of terraces that are located at the base of a hill in front of the lake. The lake is about 50 meters away. The site represents a small village or hamlet.

424. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: P

Notes: This site consists of three looted cist tombs. There is one Altiplano period sherd and a number of post-Tiwanaku non-diagnostics.

425. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3855; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Unutilized, inundated ground; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: P

Notes: This site consists of a number of type 2 mounds with intrusive tombs. There is also one low, round, fieldstone chulpa. The site is in an inundated, swampy area today.

426. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Unutilized, periodically inundated ground; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: Q

Notes: This site consists of five type 2 mounds with at least one intrusive slab-cist tomb on one of the mounds. The site is in an inundated, swampy area today. As we mentioned in the text above, this area was not intensively surveyed. Rather, we located only about 12 mounds out of about a total of 75-100 in this survey block (Map R).

427. Lampa Jawira

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, pasture, habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: Q

Notes: This site is a low rise with correspondingly low agricultural terraces. These terraces have a scattering of Early Colonial and Late Horizon pottery indicating that there was a domestic occupation. The site represents a hamlet occupied in the Lampa Chico.

428. Loquini Pampa

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: Q

Notes: This site consists of three small mounds in the Lampa Chico pampa. They all appear to date to the Altiplano period.

429. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: Q

Notes: Site consists of four type 2 mounds in the pampa. This was one of the more prominent mound groups out of about 75-100 in this region.

430. Isca Yaureca

Topographical location: Low hilltop

Altitude: 4400; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: N

Notes: This small cemetery site consists of a small mounded area on a low hill with one slab-cist tomb and at least two other looted cist tombs. We only found two Late Horizon sherds on this site.

431. Marca Pampuyo

Topographical location: Quebrada

Altitude: 4200; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This cemetery site consists of ten circular, fieldstone chulpas. They measure approximately 3.0 meters in diameter. There are also at least three cist tombs with mouth diameters that measure 0.80 meters in diameter. This site represents a Late Horizon cemetery site high up in the puna.

432. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4200; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture, habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This site actually consists of six separate areas of about 50 x 50 meters in size that could have all been listed as distinct sites. All of the sites date to the Early Colonial period. This site represents six hamlets or a large village in this period. There is a modern habitation area on the site.

433. Callacame

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4250; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: N

Notes: This site is on a low hilltop. There are at least ten circular structures that are constructed in classic Altiplano period style. There is also a small cave near this site that measure 3 x 4 meters in size. Below the circular structures are two or three rectangular ones that have associated Early Colonial period ceramic fragments.

434. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4200; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture, habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: N

Notes: This small hamlet consists of a modern corral and houses with a scatter of Early Colonial ceramics. About 200 meters away is a small cemetery consisting of eight slab-cist tombs. There are no ceramics associated with the cemetery area. It is therefore impossible to absolutely assign a date to the cemetery except by assuming that it is associated with the Early Colonial and modern hamlet.

435. Yaureca

Topographical location: Mountain top

Altitude: 4650; Site type: 5/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This was a cemetery/ceremonial site during the Early Colonial period and a minor refuge site during the Altiplano period. The site is on a very high hilltop.

436. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4200; Site type: 12; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture and habitation; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: J

Notes: This is a road cut into an apparent midden with a eroding Early Colonial and Late Horizon ceramics.

437. Siquijaque

Topographical location: Low hillside in pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: B

Notes: This small site consists of two or three very low domestic terraces and some associated cist tombs. The tombs are very severely disturbed.

438. Inka Samaña

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 6/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: B

Principal occupations: Altiplano, Late Horizon, Early Colonial

Notes: This dispersed site is located in the pampa. It has several looted cist tombs. This site represents a large hamlet or small village in the pampa area that was occupied from the Altiplano to the Early Colonial period.

439. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: B

Notes: This small mound represents a set of collapsed structures that were occupied in the Early Colonial and Late Horizon periods.

440. unnamed

Topographical location: Huanuponco

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: B

Notes: This small mound represents a set of collapsed structures that were occupied in the Early Colonial, Late Horizon, and Altiplano periods.

441. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: B

Notes: The site consists of three small type 2 mounds, one of which has a Sillumocco component. All three mounds are habitation and cemetery sites. Mound 3 has a slab cist tomb, mound 2 has a chulpa and mound 1 has one slab-cist and one chulpa. All chulpas are round and built with fieldstones.

442. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: B

Notes: This small (20 x 20 meter) type 2 mound is found about 300 meters from the lake edge. It is a habitation mound that dates exclusively to the Late Horizon.

443. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: B

Notes: This large type two mound actually consists of a number of collapsed structures that accumulated over time. There are at least three looted slab-cist tombs and a number of cist tombs associated with this mound.

444. Altarani

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 1; Surface artifact density: 51-100

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: B

Principal occupations: Tiwanaku, Late Horizon

Notes: This site is very significant. It is an artificial, type 1 mound built in the Tiwanaku period similar to Tumatumani. The site represents an expansion of Tiwanaku settlement in the Ilave Pampa region. This site indicates that the Tiwanaku expansion included sites with corporate architecture. Altarani was first discovered by Hyslop (1976:352). His description matches our evaluation except that we estimated the size of the site slightly smaller.

445. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3820; Site type: 2/3/8; Surface artifact density: 51-100

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: B

Notes: This type 3 site also represents an expansion by Tiwanaku peoples in the northern part of the survey zone. It is a low hill with domestic terraces. It is impossible to determine if there was a semi-subterranean structure on the site without excavations. There are also small mounded areas on the hill with intrusive cist tombs that most likely date to the Altiplano period. These mounds are actually type 2 habitation mounds. This site represents one of several major Tiwanaku settlements associated with the raised field areas near the lake.

446. Chochoni

Topographical location: Hillside, hilltop

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: B

Notes: This site is on a natural hill named Chochoni in the Santiago Tire community area. It is close to sites 444 and 445. It consists of a number of domestic terraces and tombs. The tombs consists of at least five slab-cists about 1.50 meters in diameter. There are also a number of looted cist tombs. This site represents a major Altiplano and Late Horizon period settlement.

447. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3950; Site type: 3; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture, pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: B

Notes: Along with site 448, this is a rare type 3 site with an associated Altiplano period occupation. There is no evidence of corporate architecture nor is there any surviving domestic architecture.

448. Llulluscoyo

Topographical location: Low hill

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 3; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: B

Notes: Along with site 447, this is a rare type 3 site with an associated Altiplano period occupation. This hill is lower than 447, but is essentially similar in topographic location. There is no evidence of corporate architecture nor is there any surviving domestic architecture.

449. Jaque Collo

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 2; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: A

Notes: This site consists of three small, type 2 mounds that dates to the Late Horizon and Early Colonial periods. There are no tombs evident from the surface.

450. Willacollo

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3825; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: A

Notes: This site consists a large 30 meter diameter type 2 mound with at least two slab-cist tombs or chulpa bases, approximately two meters in diameter. The tombs are about 30 meters away from the mound itself. This mound is purely Altiplano period in date.

451. Koskanki

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 2/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: B

Notes: This small mound is found at the base of Cerro Kjoroskani. This habitation mound also has subterranean tombs and possibly one small chulpa base. The one Early Sillumocco sherd is compelling and suggests a possible Formative date for the site.

452. Kjoroskani

Topographical location: Low hilltop

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 51-100

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: B

Notes: This site consists of a series of domestic terraces along the side of Cerro Kjoroskani with an associated cemetery area approximately 70 meters on the hilltop. The habitation area has a very high density of ceramic artifacts on the surface. The cemetery area includes three round chulpas and a number of cist tombs. The cemetery is exclusively Altiplano period in date.

453. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Rocky, unutilized hilltop; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: B

Notes: This site is on the same hill directly across from 452. It is probably associated with 452. It consists of severely looted cist tombs with associated Altiplano artifacts.

454. Istuyo

Topographical location: Low hilltop

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 3/8; Surface artifact density: 11-50

Modern land use: Agriculture, pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: A

Principal occupations: Possible Early Colonial, Late Horizon, Altiplano, Tiwanaku

Notes: This site consists of a low natural hill, approximately 15 meters in elevation. There are domestic terraces on the sides of the hill in a typical type 3 fashion. There is no evidence of corporate architecture. This site, along with 455, represents an expansion of settlement in the Tiwanaku period. Site 454 also has a substantial Altiplano and Late Horizon occupation that may have obliterated earlier corporate architecture. There are also four round, fieldstone chulpas that measure between 3.0 and 4.0 meters in diameter. Likewise, there are several cist tombs on the site.

455. Chacori-poncco

Topographical location: 3

Altitude: 3840; Site type: 3; Surface artifact density: 51-100

Modern land use: Agriculture, habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: A

Notes: This site, along with 454, represents an expansion of Tiwanaku settlement in this region of the survey. There is no evidence of corporate architecture on the site. Unlike 454, there is no evidence of Altiplano period occupation. This may be related to the lack of chulpa tombs on 455, suggesting that 454 was not an Altiplano period habitation, but only a cemetery site.

456. unnamed

Topographical location: Low hill in pampa

Altitude: 3840; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: A

Notes: This site consists of two slab-cist tombs and one cist tomb associated with at least two domestic terraces. The tombs are located at the base of a low hill in the pampa.

457. Bebedero

Topographical location: Large rock outcrop

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 51-100

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: A

Notes: This site location in a large rock outcrop is unique in the survey area. It consists of a series of domestic terraces built into vertically tilted geological strata. The terraces do not have any surviving architecture at the present time. Densities of artifacts, however, are very high on these terraces. The site is also significant for the cut stone bedrock features on the northern side of the outcrop near the Puno-Desaguadero highway. These supposedly "Inca" constructions are indeed similar to sites such as Samaipata in Bolivia.

458. Tisnachuro

Topographical location: Hillside to quebrada

Altitude: 4200; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture and corrals; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This scatter of ceramic artifacts represents a single Early Colonial household in the high puna.

459. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 3875; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: A

Notes: This is a single, round fieldstone chulpa possibly associated with site 361. The chulpa is 2.50 meters in diameter. There was no ceramic material near the chulpa.

460. Wak'a

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture and habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This small site represents a small Late Horizon hamlet.

461. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4000; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture/pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This site is a small scatter of some Late Horizon pottery. It represents a small hamlet located about 0.5 kilometers from Lundayani.

462. Capilla Chucurasi

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4500; Site type: 12-Capilla; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Capilla; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: J

Notes: This site is located at the top of Cerro Chucurasi. It has a modern capilla today that was founded in the Early Colonial period. The capilla covers an area of about 10 x 10 meters.

463. Jachu'uma

Topographical location: Base of hill to quebrada

Altitude: 4200; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Habitation; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: J

Notes: This modern village has a dense scatter of post-Early Colonial artifacts with a number of Early Colonial found in the collection. The site represents a large hamlet or small village occupied since Early Colonial times.

464. Belena

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 4300; Site type: 6/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This site is located on a low hill in the high pampa due south of Cerro Jiltuta. In an area of about 25 x 25 meters is a semi-circular stone construction and one abandoned rectangular structure. The semi-circular structure is about 20 meters in diameter. The rectangular structure has some very large blocks that appear to have been "quarried" out of a chulpa. There are also at least two slab-cist tombs, 2.0 meters in diameter, on the site as well.

465. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa near river

Altitude: 4200; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: N

Notes: This site consists of two high altitude pampa low hills or rockpiles, each having a slab-cist tomb with three associated cist tombs at the top. These are rockpile mounds used as cemeteries. It is significant that this burial practice is associated with only Early Colonial period surface artifacts.

466. Patapujo

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 4175; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: N

Notes: This modern village has a dense scatter of post-Early Colonial artifacts with a number of Early Colonial found in the collection. The site represents a large hamlet or small village occupied since Early Colonial times.

467. Chucurasi

Topographical location: Quebrada

Altitude: 4350; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: The site consists of four circular structures, two that appear to be habitation and two that are probably "igloo" type chulpas. There were no diagnostic ceramic artifacts recovered but the domestic architecture and tomb styles suggest an Altiplano period date.

468. unnamed

Topographical location: Quebrada

Altitude: 4200; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Habitation and pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: N

Notes: We discovered several Archaic lithic artifacts at the base of a quebrada between Cerros Jilaratahua and Inchupalla.

469. Inca Apacheta

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 4200; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Habitation and pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This site has several modern structures with scatters of Early Colonial artifacts.

470. Pairumani

Topographical location: Base of hill

Altitude: 4250; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: The site is about 100 meters from Inca Apacheta (469). It is a cemetery with three slab-cist tombs and four chulpas. The chulpas are round, approximately 2.0 meters in diameter, and are built with fieldstones. The slab-cists measure 1.7 meters in diameter.

471. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Habitation and pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This site represents a small hamlet occupied in the Early Colonial period.

472. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4300; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Principal occupations: Late Horizon and Early Colonial

Notes: The site is found on a low hilltop. There are some old collapsed corral walls with a scatter of Late Horizon and Early Colonial pottery. The site represents a small hamlet in the puna.

473. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4480; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This is a very significant site in that there are at least 20 circular structures located in a low saddle between two higher hills. The occupation is pure Altiplano period. The domestic structures are typical of the Altiplano period.

474. Patajpujo

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4250; Site type: 6/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture and habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: N

Principal occupations: Late Horizon and Early Colonial

Notes: This site consists of two modern houses, two abandoned houses and scatters of Late Horizon through modern pottery. There are also at least seven cist tombs, one slab-cist tomb, and one chulpa.

475. unnamed

Topographical location: Hillside

Altitude: 4200; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: N

Notes: This site consists of three low, natural hills with domestic terraces and several artifact scatters on a hillside toward a quebrada. There are circular and rectangular structures on the site. There were no virtually no recoverable surface artifacts. The domestic architecture of the site suggests an Altiplano through Early Colonial period date.

476. unnamed

Topographical location: low ridge top

Altitude: 4050; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: F

Notes: This site consists of a low ridge top with several cist tombs. It may be associated with site 226. There was no associated ceramic material.

477. unnamed

Topographical location: Quebrada

Altitude: 4300; Site type: 4/8; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Habitation and pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This site consists of a number of artifact scatters along a quebrada bottom. We collected four separate areas but almost all diagnostics are Early Colonial in date. This site represents a scattered set of households in Early Colonial through Republican period times.

478. Inca Apacheta

Topographical location: Quebrada bottom next to road

Altitude: 4125; Site type: 12-Apacheta and lithic workshop; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: J

Notes: We generally avoided the several apachetas noted in the survey zone out of respect for the wishes of the local people. In this instance, however, we were given permission to collect some lithic and ceramic artifacts from this particular one. The high density of basalt and quartz chipping debris indicates a lithic workshop.

479. unnamed

Topographical location: Quebrada

Altitude: 4300; Site type: 4; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: N

Notes: This site consists of a low density of ceramic artifacts one of which was identified as Early Colonial.

480. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: F

Notes: This site consists of one round, fieldstone chulpa that is 2.50 meters in diameter and at least one slab-cist tomb. The slab-cist is 1.20 meters in diameter. Both tombs were looted. We recovered both Altiplano and Early Colonial period pottery from this site.

481. Tanapaca

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4500; Site type: 5; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: pasture; Disturbance: moderate; Map location: J

Notes: Tanapaca is a major pukara located 8 kilometers inland from the lake edge.

482. unnamed

Topographical location: Low ridge

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: F

Notes: This cemetery sits on a low ridge and is probably associated with the site of 480. There is at least one large slab-cist tomb or chulpa base that measures 2.20 meters in diameter along with several looted cist tombs.

483. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4500; Site type: 12 - Ceremonial (?); Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Possible ceremonial use; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: J

Notes: At the top of a rock outcrop is a rectangular "plaza" that measures 20 x 46 meters. This plaza is built by a low wall with a single row of rocks. These are uncut, large rocks and are as large as 1.0 meter on a face. In the middle of the plaza is a small "canal" 15 cm wide and 40 cm deep. The canal is covered with stone. About 100 meters from the plaza area is a low wall with a door that measures 1.50 wide. There are two very large, rectangular blocks in this door. There was no diagnostic surface material to assign a date to this site. We did not encounter any other site like this on survey and cannot define the date or function of this site at the present time.

484. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Pasture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This is a single chulpa located on a low rise about 40 meters from a quebrada. It is round, built with fieldstones and is 2.20 meters in diameter.

485. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa

Altitude: 3900; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This site consists of several looted cist tombs in an agricultural field. We recovered Altiplano and Early Colonial period sherds near the tomb.

486. unnamed

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4025; Site type: 8

Modern land use: Agriculture; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: K

Notes: This is a single chulpa located on a ridge or hilltop. It is round, built with fieldstones and is 2.00 meters in diameter.

495. unnamed

Topographical location:

Altitude: 4300; Site type: 4/6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use:Pasture and habitation; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: J

Notes: This site could have been treated as at least five sites. We collected all areas separately but all diagnostics were Early Colonial. This site represents a scattered set of households in Early Colonial through Republican period times.

496. Coliseo

Topographical location: Pampa edge

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: urban; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: This site is near the modern coliseum in Juli. The site represents an occupation near the Inca Juli. Today, it is very badly disturbed. There are some substantial midden accumulations evident in some sewer line cuts on the site.

497. unnamed

Topographical location: Pampa edge

Altitude: 3850; Site type: 6; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Urban; Disturbance: Severe; Map location: G

Notes: This site is a light scatter of lithics. These artifacts are Archaic in date, and include quartz, basalt and other locally available raw materials.

498. La capilla de Pukara Juli

Topographical location: Hilltop

Altitude: 4300; Site type: 12; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Pasture, capilla; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: G

Notes: This is a modern capilla with a scatter of Late Horizon and Early Colonial period artifacts.

499. Unnamed

Topographical location: Rockshelter

Altitude: 4025; Site type: 12; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Forest stand; Disturbance: Moderate; Map location: H

Notes: This rockshelter has some rock art with a associated Early Sillumocco occupation. The dominant rock art motifs include camelids, humans and spirals.

500. Unnamed

Topographical location: Rockshelter

Altitude: 4025; Site type: 12; Surface artifact density: 1-10

Modern land use: Corral; Disturbance: Minimal; Map location: H

Notes: This rockshelter has some paintings of camelids along with a scatter of diagnostic artifacts along the cave floor.

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1956 El Kollasuyu. Estudios Prehistóricos y Tradicionales. Biblioteca Paceña, La Paz.

Pärssinen, Martti

1992 Tawantinsuyu: The Inca State and its Political Organization. Studia Historica 43. Societas Historica Finlandiae, Helsinki.

1993 Torres funerarias decoradas in Caquiaviri. Pumapunku 5-6 (new series): 9-32.

Pärssinen, Martti and Ari Süriäinen

1997 Inka-style ceramics and their chronological relationship to the Inka expansion in the southern Lake Titicaca area (Bolivia). Latin American Antiquity 8(3):255-271.

Pease G.Y., Franklin.

1973 Cambios en el reino Lupaqa (1567-1661). Historia y Cultura 7: 89-105. Lima.

1982a Relaciónes entre los grupos etnicos de la Sierra sur y la Costa: continuidades y cambios. In El Hombre y su Ambiente en los Andes Centrales. Senri Ethnological Series 10. pp. 107-122. Tokyo.

1982b The formation of Tawantinsuyu: mechanisms of colonization and relationship with ethnic groups. In The Inca and Aztec States 1400-1800. edited by G. A. Collier, R. I. Rosaldo and J. D. Wirth, pp. 173-198. Academic Press, New York

Ponce Sanginés, Carlos

1957 La ceramica de Mollo. Arqueología Boliviano 33-117. Biblioteca Paceña, La Paz.

1961 Informes de labores (Octubre 1957-Febrero 1961). Centro de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Tiwanaku. Publicación no. 1. INAH, La Paz.

1969 La ciudad de Tiwanaku. Arte y Arqueología 1:1-32.

1970 Las Culturas Wankarani y Chiripa y su Relación con Tiwanaku. Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia. Publicacion # 25, La Paz.

1976 La ceramica de la epoca I de Tiwanaku. Publication 18, Instituto Nacional de Arqueología, La Paz.

1977 Reflexiones Sobre la Ciudad Pre-Colombiana de Iskanwaya. Publicación #24. Instituto Nacional de Arqueología, La Paz.

1981 Tiwanaku: Espacio, Tiempo y Cultura: Ensayo de Síntesis Arqueológica. Amigos del Libro, La Paz.

1991a El urbanismo de Tiwanaku. Pumapunku (new series) 1:7-27

1991b El lago Titicaca en el marco de la investigación científica. Pumapunku (n.s.) 2:67-118.

1993 Investigaciónes arqueológicas en Salla y Totora. Pumapunku (n.s.) 5-6:89-166.

1994 Análisis espectrográfico y patrón de impurezas en el cobre de las grapas Tiwanacotas. Pumapunku 7 (n.s):9-64.

1995 Tiwanaku: 200 Años de Investigaciones Arqueologicas. CIMA, La Paz.

Ponce Sanginés, Carlos, Johan Reinhard, Max Portugal, Eduardo Pareja, and Leocadio Ticlla

1992 Exploraciones Arqueológicas Subacuáticas en el Lago Titikaka. Editorial La Palabra Producciones, La Paz.

Portugal Ortiz, Max

1972 Galerías mineras antiquas cerca del Rio Choqueyapu. Pumapunku 6:54-58.

1981 Expansión del estilo escultorico Pa-Ajanu. Arte y Arqueología 7:149-159.

1988a Excavaciones arqueológicos en Titimani (II). Arqueologia Boliviana. pp. 51-81. Instituto Nacional de Arqueología, La Paz.

1988b Informe de la prospección a Pacajes (Etapa I). Arqueología Boliviana 3:109-117.

1991 La prospeccion efectuada en zonas de la Provincia de Camacho del Departamento de La Paz. Textos Antropológicos 2:9-42.

1993 Trabajos arqueologícos de Tiwanaku (I. parte). Textos Antropológicos 4:9-50.

Portugal Zamora, Maks

1957a Sullkatata. In Arqueología Boliviana, pp. 225-234. Edited by C. Ponce S. Biblioteca Paceña, La Paz.

1957b Arqueología de La Paz. In Arqueología Boliviana, pp. 343-404, edited by C. Ponce S. Biblioteca Paceña, La Paz.

1988 Aspectos generales sobre Tiwanaku del área circundante al lago Titicaca (sector Bolivia). Arqueología Boliviana. 15-25. La Paz: INAR

Portugal, Maks, and Dick Edgar Ibarra Grasso

1957 Copacabana: el santuario y la arqueología de la peninsula e Islas del Sol y de la Luna. Editorial "Atlantic," Cochabamba.

Portugal Zamora, Maks and Max Portugal Ortíz

1975 Qallamarka, nuevo yaciemiento arqueológico descubierto cerca a Tiwanaku. Arte y Arqueología 3-4:195-216.

Posnansky, Arturo

1912 Guia general ilustrada para la investigacion de los monumentos prehistoricos de Tihuanacu e islas del sol y la luna (Titicaca y Koaty) con breves apuntes sobre los chullpas, Urus y escritura antigua de los aborigenas del altiplano andino. H. Heitmann. La Paz, Bolivia, 1912.

1914 Eine Praehistorische Metropole in Sudamerika. Berlin: Reimer.

1938 Simillake o Ayakewiña. In Antropología y Sociologia de las Razas Interandinas y de las Regiones Adyacentes, pp. 106-113. Editorial "Renacimiento," La Paz.

1943 Los dos tipos indigenales de Bolivia y su educación. America Indigena 3(1):55-60

1945 Tihuanacu, the Cradle of American Man. J.J. Agustin, New York.

Querejazu Lewis, Roy

1989 Bolivia Prehispanica, Libreria Editorial "La Juventud," La Paz.

Ramos Gavilán, Alonso

1988[1621] Historia del Santuario de Nuestra Señora de Copacabana. Ignacio Prado P., Lima.

Reinhard, Johan

1983 High altitude archaeology and mountain worship in the Andes. American Alpine Journal. 25:54-67.

1985 Sacred mountains: an ethno-archaeological study of high Andean ruins. Mountain Research and Development 5(4):299-317.

1992 Investigaciones arqueológicas subacuáticas en el lago Titikaka. In Ponce Sanginés, Johan Reinhard, Max Portugal, Eduardo Pareja, and Leocadio Ticlla, Exploraciones Arqueológicas Subacuáticas en el Lago Titikaka, pp. 421-530. Editorial La Palabra Producciones, La Paz.

1991 Tiwanaku: ensayo sobre su cosmovisión. Pumapunku 2 (n.s.): 8-66.

1992 Underwater archaeological research in Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. In Contributions to New World Archaeology, pp. 117-143, Edited by Nicholas Saunders. Oxbow Books, Oxford.

Revilla Becerra, Rosanna Liliana and Mauro Alberto Uriarte Paniagua

1985 Investigación arqueológica en la zona de Sillustani-Sector Wakakancha-Puno. Bachelor Thesis. Universidad Catolica Santa Maria.

Rivera S., Oswaldo

1978 Arqueología de la peninsula de Copacabana. Pumapunku 12:69-86.

1984 La horka del Inka. Arqueología Boliviana 1:91-106.

1989 Una tecnologia que viene del pasado. Anales del Seminario de Desarrollo Rural, Series 4-1-119-90: 60-91. La Paz

Rowe, John

1942 Sitios históricos en la región de Pucara, Puno. Revista del Instituto Arqueológico 6(10,11):66-75.

1944 An introduction to the archaeology of Cuzco. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 27(2).

1947 Inca culture at the time of the Spanish conquest. Handbook of South American Indians vol. 2, edited by Julian H. Stewart, pp 183-330. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.

1956 Archaeological explorations in southern Peru, 1954-1955. American Antiquity 22(2):135-150.

1958 The adventures of two Pucara statues. Archaeology 11(4):255-261.

1960 Cultural unity and diversification in Peruvian archaeology. In Man and Cultures: Selected Papers of the Fifth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Science, pp. 627-631. Philadelphia.

1962 Stages and periods in archaeological interpretation. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 18(1):40-54.

1963 Urban settlements in ancient Peru. Ñawpa Pacha. 1(1):1-27. Institute of Andean Studies, Berkeley.

Rowe, John H. and Catherine Brandel

1971. Pucara style pottery designs. Ñawpa Pacha 7-8, 1969-70:1-16.

Rowe, John and John M. Donahue

1975 The Donahue discovery, an ancient stela found near Ilave, Puno Ñawpa Pacha. 13:35-44

Ruiz Estrada, Arturo

1976 Hallazgos de oro Sillustani (Puno). Publicaciones del Museo Nacional de Antropología y Arqueología, Serie Metalurgia no. 1.

1978 Exploraciones arqueológicos en Cabanillas: Puno. In El Hombre y la Cultura Andina, edited by R. Matos M., pp. 791-806. III Congreso Peruano del Hombre y la Cultura Andina, Lima.

Rydén, Stig

1947 Archaeological Researches in the Highlands of Bolivia. Göteborg: Elanders Boktryckeri Aktiebolag.

1957 Andean Excavations I. Publication #4. Stockholm: The Ethnographical Museum of Sweden.

1959 Andean Excavations II: Tuparaya and Cayhuasi(sp••?): two Tiahuanaco sites Publication #6. The Ethnographical Museum of Sweden, Stockholm.

Sagárnaga Meneses, Jédu Antonio

1991 Review of Asentamientos Prehispánicos del Valle de Tiwanaku, by Juan Albarracin-Jordán and James Mathews. in Pumapunku. 1(1) (n.s.):91-98.

1993 La chullpa de Viacha. Pumapunku (5-6) (n.s.):33-56.

Saignes, Thierry

1983 Quiénes son los Kallawaya? Nota sobre un enigma ethnohistórico. Revista Andina 1(2):357-384.

1986 The ethnic groups in the valleys of Larecaja: from descent to residence. In Anthropological History of Andean Polities, Edited by J. Murra, N. Wachtel and J. Revel, pp. 311-341. Cambridge Unviersity Press, Cambridge.

1990 De la descendencia a la residencia: las etnias en los valles de Larecaja. In Larecaja, Ayer, Hoy y Mañana, pp. 121-169. Comite de Cultura, La Paz.

Seddon, Mathew Thomas

1994 Excavations in the raised fields of the Rio Catari sub-basin, Bolivia. Unpublished Masters Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago.

1998 Ritual, power, and the development of a complex society: The island of the Sun and the Tiwanaku state. Ph.D Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago

Sever, Jacques

1921 Chullpas des environs de Pucará (Bolivie). Société des Américanistes 13:55-58. Paris

Solc, Václav

1966 Observaciones preliminares sobre investigaciones arqueológicas en la region de las islas en el lago Titicaca. Sonderduck aus Abhandlungen und Berichte des Staatlichen Museum für Volkerkunde Dresden, Band 25. Berlin.

1969 Los Aymaras de las Islas del Titicaca. Instituto Indigenista Interamericano, Serie Antropología Social, 12. Mexico.

Stanish, Charles

1992 Ancient Andean Political Economy. Austin: University of Texas Press.

1994 The Hydraulic Hypothesis Revisited: A Theoretical Perspective on Lake Titicaca Basin Raised Field Agriculture. Latin American Antiquity, 5(4):312-332.

1997 Nonmarket Imperialism in a Prehispanic Context: The Inca Occupation of the Titicaca Basin. Latin American Antiquity. v. 8(3): 1-18.

1999. Settlement pattern shifts and political ranking. In Fifty Years after Viru, edited by Brian R. Billman and Gary M. Feinman, pp. 116-128. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC.

Stanish, C, Edmundo de la Vega M., and Kirk Lawrence Frye.

1993 Domestic Architecture of Lupaqa Area Sites. In Domestic Architecture in South Central Andean Prehistory. pp., 83-93. Edited by Mark Aldenderfer. University of Iowa Press.

Stanish, C, E. de la Vega M. L. Steadman, C. Chávez J., K. L. Frye, L. Onofre M.,

M. Seddon, and P. Calisaya Ch.

1995/6 Archaeological Survey in the Southwestern Lake Titicaca Basin. Dialogo Andino, 14-15:97-143

Stanish, C, Edmundo de la Vega, Lee Steadman, Cecília Chávez J., Kirk Lawrence Frye, Luperio Onofre, Matthew Seddon, and Percy Calisaya Chuquimia.

1997 Archaeological Survey in the Juli-Desaguadero Area, Lake Titicaca Basin, Peru. Fieldiana Anthropology, new series 29. Chicago, Field Museum Press

Stanish, Charles and Lee Hyde Steadman

1994 Archaeological Research at the Site of Tumatumani Juli, Peru Fieldiana Anthropology, New Series 23, Chicago.

Steadman, Lee Hyde

1994 Pottery Analysis. In Archaeological research at the site of Tumatumani, Juli, Peru. Fieldiana Anthropology, new series no. 23, by Charles Stanish and Lee Hyde Steadman. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.

1995 Excavations at Camata: An early ceramic chronology for the western Titicaca Basin, Peru. Ph.D dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley.

Tschopik, Marion

1946 Some notes of the archaeology of the Department of Puno. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology volume 27, (3).

Tschopik, Harry

1946 The Aymara. In Handbook of South American Indians. Volume 2, edited by J. Steward, pp. 501-574. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

1947 Highland communities of central Peru; a regional survey. Smithsonian Institution. Institute of Social Anthropology, Washington.

1951 The Aymara of Chucuito, Peru. Anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History, v. 44, pt. 2. New York.

1968 Magia en Chucuito: los Aymara del Peru. Spanish version by Rosalia Avalos de Matos. Mexico, Instituto Indigenista Interamericano, Departamento de Antropologia, 1968.

Vásquez, Emilio

1937a Las ruinas de Kachakacha. Revista del Museo Nacional 6(1):52-57.

1937b Sillustani: una metrópoli pre-Incaika. Revista del Museo Nacional 6(2):278-290.

1939 Ruinas arqueológico de Puno, Qutimpu. Revista del Museo Nacional 8(1):117-123.

1940 Itinerario arqueológico del Kollao. Revista del Museo Nacional 9(1):143-150.

Vásquez, Emilio, Alfredo Carpio and Daniel E. Velazco

1935 Informe sobre las ruinas de Tankatanka. Revista del Museo Nacional 4(2): 240-244. Lima.

Wachtel, Nathan

1981 Reciprocity and the Inca state: from Karl Polanyi to John V. Murra. Research in Economic Anthropology, number 4. JAI Press, Greenwich.

1982 The Mitimaes of the Cochabamba Valley: the colonization policy of Huayna Capac. The Inca and Aztec States: 1400-1800, edited by G. A. Collier, R. I. Rosaldo, and J. D. Wirth, pp. 199-229. Academic Press, New York .

1986 Men of the water: the Uru problem (sixteenth and seventeenth centuries). In Anthropological History of Andean Polities, edited by J. Murra, N. Wachtel, and J. Revel, pp. 283-310. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Wassen, Henry

1972 A Medicine-Man’s Implements and Plants in a Tiahuacanoid Tomb in Highland Bolivia. Goteborgs Etnografiska Museum, Goetborg, Sweden.

Watanabe, Luis and Charles Stanish

1990 Ocupaciones domésticas en el periodo Tiwanaku tardío, Otora, Moquegua. In Trabajos Arqueologicos en Moquegua, Peru, edited by L. Watanabe, M. Moseley and F. Cabieses, pp. 75-96. Editorial Escuela Nueva S.A., Lima.

Copyright 1999 Charles Stanish (stanish@anthro.ucla.edu)

See Chip's web page for further publications and other information about his work.