SSiB-2: Photosynthetic processes, including chlorophyll fluorescence

SSiB-3: Multilayer snow processes, aerosol in snow, and frozen soil processes

SSiB-4/TRIFFID: Water and carbon balance-based Dynamic vegetation processes with heterogeneity consideration.

SSiB-5/TRIFFID/DayCent Soil nitrogen and crop processes are included

Sub-modules: urban sub-model; Stem-root flow sub-module;Fire module

West African monsoon/decadal drought and external forcing land processes, land cover and land use change, SST, aerosols, and fire).

West African Monsoon Modeling and Evaluation Project Experiments I and II (Special Issue I and Special Issue II)

East Asian Climate Study

Surface-induced forcing and decadal variability and change of the East Asian climate, surface hydrology & agriculture–A modeling and data approach

Spring land temperature anomalies in high elevation areas and summer extreme (droughts, heat waves, and floods) in downstream regions

Land surface processes, including land use land cover changes, vegetation, snow, glaciers, urbanization, and fire, and regional climate and environment, especially monsoons, drought, flood, and landform

Regional climate model (RCM) development and factors that control the RCM downscaling ability.